Buyuk Britaniyadagi terroristik hodisalar ro'yxati - List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain

Buyuk Britaniyadagi teraktlar sabablari ko'p. 20-asr davomida aksariyat hujumlar turli xil tomonidan amalga oshirildi Irlandiya respublika armiyasi (IRA) guruhlari bilan bog'langan Shimoliy Irlandiya mojarosi (muammolar). 20-asrning oxirida, shuningdek, yakka tartibdagi hujumlar sodir bo'ldi Yaqin Sharq Hujumlarning aksariyati AIR va ittifoqchi guruhlarning ishi ekanligi hali ham haqiqat edi. Ammo 21-asr davomida Britaniyadagi aksariyat terroristik hodisalar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan Islom fundamentalizmi.[1] Ushbu o'zgarishning talqini shundaki, Britaniyadagi terroristik hodisalar tufayli o'sib borishi mumkin Britaniyaning ishtiroki ichida Iroq urushi va uning roli Suriya fuqarolar urushi,[2][3][4] boshqa G'arb mamlakatlari bilan koalitsiya tarkibida.[5] So'rovnoma shuni ko'rsatadiki, aksariyat britaniyaliklar o'z mamlakatlarining musulmon mamlakatlaridagi harakatlari qo'zg'atadigan nazariya bilan rozi portlash terror hujumlari shaklida.[6]

1970 yildan buyon Buyuk Britaniyada terrorchilar bilan bog'liq kamida 3395 kishi o'lgan, bu g'arbiy Evropada eng yuqori ko'rsatkichdir.[7] O'limlarning aksariyati Shimoliy Irlandiya mojarosi bilan bog'liq va sodir bo'lgan Shimoliy Irlandiya.[7] 1971 yildan 2001 yilgacha Buyuk Britaniyada terrorchilar bilan bog'liq 430 o'lim qayd etilgan. Ulardan 125 o'limi Shimoliy Irlandiya mojarosi bilan bog'liq,[8] va 305 o'lim boshqa sabablarga bog'liq edi[9] - oxirgi o'limlarning aksariyati Lokerbi portlashi.[9] 2001 yildan buyon Buyuk Britaniyada terrorchilar bilan bog'liq 100 ga yaqin o'lim sodir bo'ldi, aksariyati islomiy jihod va diniy ekstremizm bilan bog'liq.[yangilanishga muhtoj ]

Buyuk Britaniya


19-asrgacha

1190 yil, 17 mart: Yahudiylarning qatliomi, York

19-asr

1939–1940

1939 yil yanvaridan 1940 yil martigacha Irlandiya respublika armiyasi (IRA) bombardimon qilish va sabotaj Britaniyaning fuqarolik, iqtisodiy va harbiy infratuzilmasiga qarshi. Bu sifatida tanilgan edi S-Reja yoki Sabotaj Kampaniyasi. Kampaniya davomida AIR Britaniyada deyarli 300 hujum va sabotaj harakatlarini amalga oshirdi, natijada etti kishi halok bo'ldi va 96 kishi jarohat oldi.[13] Qurbonlarning aksariyati Koventridagi bombardimon 1939 yil 25-avgustda.

1970-yillar

1980-yillar

  • 1980 yil, 30 aprel: Eron elchixonasini qamal qilish: Olti Eronlik arab qurolli shaxslar Eronning Londondagi elchixonasiga bostirib kirib, garovga olingan. Qamal olti kun davom etdi, garovdagilar tomonidan reyd natijasida qutqarilgunga qadar SAS televizorda jonli efirda namoyish etilgan. Garovdagilarning ikkitasi o'ldirilgan, garovga olinganlarning hammasi o'ldirilgan yoki qo'lga olingan.
  • 1981 yil yanvar: RAF Uxbridge-dagi RAF guruhi baraklari ichidagi bomba. Xavfsizlik patrul xizmati benzin davullari bilan o'ralgan bomba topdi. Barak evakuatsiya qilingan, ammo qurilma bomba yo'q qilinishidan oldin portlagan. Portlash 2 mil uzoqlikda eshitildi. Ikki engil jarohat bor.
  • 1981 yil, 10 oktyabr: IRA tashqarida bomba portlatdi "Chelsi" barakasi, London, ikki kishini o'ldirdi va 39 kishini yaraladi.
  • 1981 yil, 26 oktyabr: IRA a Wimpy Bar kuni Oksford ko'chasi, o'ldirish Kennet Xovort, Metropolitan politsiyasi uni zararsizlantirishga harakat qilayotgan portlovchi xodim.
  • 1982 yil, 14 mart: Londonning ofislarini bombardimon qilish Afrika milliy kongressi Ga qarshi bo'lgan (ANC) Janubiy Afrikaning aparteid hukumati, yuqori qavatda yashovchi bir kishini yaralash. General Johann Coetzee, sobiq rahbar Janubiy Afrika xavfsizlik politsiyasi va yana etti politsiyachi aparteid hukumati tugatilgandan so'ng hujum uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmalariga oldi.[33]
  • 1982 yil, iyun: Abu Nidal Londonda Isroil elchisini o'ldirdi.[34]
  • 1982 yil, 20-iyul: Hyde Park va Regent's Parkdagi portlashlar: IRA bombalari Britaniya harbiy marosimlari paytida portladi Hyde Park va Regent parki, London, o'n bitta askarni o'ldirdi Uy otliqlari va Royal Green kurtkalar.
  • 1983 yil, 17 dekabr: Harrods bombardimon qilish: IRA avtomashinasi tashqarida portladi Harrodlar telefon orqali qilingan ogohlantirishdan so'ng, Londondagi universal do'kon. Besh kishi, shu jumladan uch politsiya xodimi halok bo'ldi, oltinchi qurbon - yana bir politsiya xodimi - bir hafta o'tgach, olgan jarohati tufayli kasalxonada vafot etdi. Boshqa 90 kishi jarohat oldi, ammo tirik qoldi.
  • 1984 yil, 12 oktyabr: Brayton mehmonxonasini portlatish: Bosh vazirni o'ldirishga urinishda Margaret Tetcher, IRA bomba portlatdi Grand Brayton mehmonxonasi davomida Konservativ partiya konferensiya. Unda Konservativ partiyaning besh a'zosi, jumladan deputat halok bo'ldi Entoni Berri.
  • 1986 yil, Londonning g'arbiy qismida Sangtar Singh Sadhu suiqasdda otib o'ldirilgan. Sikx ekstremistlari gumon qilinmoqda.[35]
  • 1986 yil, Tarsem Singx To'r o'ldirildi. Sikx ekstremistlari gumon qilinmoqda.[35]
  • 1988 yil, 21-dekabr: Pan Am reysi 103 Xitroudan uchib chiqqanidan so'ng, Shotlandiyaning Lokerbi shahri ustidan parvoz paytida chamadonga o'rnatilgan bomba bilan portlatilgan. Samolyotning barcha 259 yo'lovchilari va ekipaji, shuningdek, 11 ta Lokerbi aholisi halok bo'lib, jami 270 kishining hayotiga zomin bo'lgan.
  • 1989 yil, 3 avgust: Mustafo Mahmud Mozeh taxallusidan foydalangan kishi muallifni o'ldirish uchun bomba tayyorlayotganda Londonning markaziy mehmonxonasining ikki qavati bilan birga tasodifan o'zini portlatib yubordi. Salmon Rushdi.[36]
  • 1989 yil, 22 sentyabr: Baraklarni bombardimon qilish: O'n bir Qirol dengiz piyodalari IRA bombasi portlashi natijasida bandsmenlar o'ldirilgan va 22 kishi jarohatlangan Royal Marines bazasi yilda Bitim, Kent.

1990-yillar

  • 1990 yil, 14-may: IRA armiyaning ta'lim markazini bombardimon qildi Londonning Eltham shahrida etti kishini yaraladi.
  • 1990 yil, 16-may: AIR armiyani yollash markazida mikroavtobusni bombardimon qildi Londonning Uembli shahrida bir askarni o'ldirgan va to'rt kishini jarohatlagan.
  • 1990 yil, 1-iyun: IRA qurolli hujumida britaniyalik askar halok bo'ldi va ikki kishi yaralandi Lichfild Siti temir yo'l stantsiyasi, Staffordshire.
  • 1990 yil, 9-iyun: Hurmatli artilleriya kompaniyasining portlashi: AIR Londonda Hurmatli artilleriya kompaniyasining kazarmasida bomba portlatdi va 19 kishini yaraladi.
  • 1990 yil, 26 iyun: Carlton Club portlashi: IRA Londonda konservativ siyosatchilar klubini bombardimon qildi, ulardan birini o'ldirdi va 20 kishini yaraladi.
  • 1990 yil, 20-iyul: London fond birjasida portlash: IRA bomba portlatdi London fond birjasi binoning shikastlanishiga olib keladi, ammo jarohatlar yo'q.[37]
  • 1990 yil, 30-iyul: Yan Gou, Konservativ Deputat, uyi tashqarisida avtoulovi ostida portlovchi bomba portlaganda, AIR tomonidan o'ldirilgan Sharqiy Sasseks.[38]
  • 1990 yil, 18 sentyabr: AIR o'ldirishga urindi Ser Piter Terri uning uyida Milford, Staffordshir. Gibraltarning sobiq gubernatori toshda irlandiyalik terrorchilikda gumon qilingan uch kishini o'ldirishga ruxsat berganidan 18 oy o'tgach, uyining derazalaridan o'q otilgan hujum paytida yaralangan.[39]
  • 1991 yil, 4 yanvar: IRA bombasi portladi va kirish joyiga o'q otildi Hududiy armiya Otish oralig'i, Cannock Chase, Staffordshire. Jarohatlar yo'q.
  • 1991 yil, 7 fevral: AIR minomyot hujumini amalga oshirdi ning Dauning ko'chasi, 10-uy, Bosh vazirni o'ldirishga urinishda Jon Major va uning kabinet. Chig'anoqlardan biri Dauning-strit 10-ning orqa bog'ida portlagan, ammo o'lim holatlari bo'lmagan.
  • 1991 yil, 18 fevral: IRA bombasi portladi Viktoriya stantsiyasi. Bir kishi halok bo'ldi va 38 kishi jarohat oldi.
  • 1991 yil, 15-noyabr: IRA bombasi portladi Sent-Albans shahar markazi. Ikki halok bo'lganlar, ikkalasi ham vaqtinchalik IRA a'zolari (Patrisiya Blek va Frenki Rayan) yagona qurbonlar.
  • 1992 yil, 28 fevral: IRA bombasi portladi London ko'prigi stantsiyasi, 29 kishini yaraladi.
  • 1992 yil, 10 aprel: Baltic Birjasida portlash: Katta IRA yuk mashinasi bombasi tashqarida portladi Baltic Birjasi binosi ichida London shahri, telefon orqali qilingan ogohlantirishdan so'ng. Bu uch kishini o'ldirdi va 800 million funt sterlingga zarar etkazdi - bu sodir bo'lgan 10000 portlash natijasida etkazilgan zararning ko'pidan ko'proq muammolar yilda Shimoliy Irlandiya shu paytgacha.[40] Bir necha soatdan keyin bomba Staples Corner-da portladi.
  • 1992 yil, 7-iyun: Qidirilayotgan IRA a'zosi Pol Mage qurolsiz politsiyachilarga qarata Konstabl Sendi Kelli va Maxsus konstable Glenn Gudman muntazam transport harakati to'xtashi paytida Shimoliy Yorkshir. Kelli jarohatdan qutulganida, bitta o'q radiosidan uzilib tushgan, ammo Gudman to'rt marta urilgan va keyinchalik kasalxonada vafot etgan.[41]
  • 1992 yil, 25 avgust: AIR uchta o't pufagini joylashtirdi Shrewsbury, Shropshir. Bomba Shoplatch, Charlz Darvin markazi va Shrewsbury qal'asiga joylashtirildi, ikkinchisi esa eng katta zararga olib keldi, chunki qal'a uyni joylashtirdi Shropshir polk muzeyi va ko'plab bebaho tarixiy asarlar yong'in va tutundan yo'qolgan va zarar ko'rgan. Hech qanday halok bo'lganlar va jarohatlar qayd etilmagan.
  • 1992 yil, 12 oktyabr: Sasseks qurollarini bombardimon qilish: Bir pabdagi Gents tualetida bomba portladi Kovent Garden, bir kishini o'ldirish va to'rt kishini jarohatlash.
  • 1992 yil, 16-noyabr: AIR bomba joylashtirdi Kanareykalar Wharf, lekin xavfsizlik xodimlari tomonidan ko'rilgan. Bomba portlay olmadi.
  • 1992 yil, 3 dekabr: AIR Manchester shahrining markazida ikkita avtomashinani portlatdi va 65 kishini yaraladi.[42]
  • 1992 yil, 10-dekabr: Yog'och Yashil Savdo Shaharidagi portlash. Ikki IRA bin bombasi 11 kishini jarohatladi.
  • 1993 yil, 28-yanvar: 1993 yil Harrods portlashi: Qizil aktsiyaning chap-chap a'zolari AIR bilan birgalikda Londonda Harrodsni bombardimon qilib, to'rt kishini jarohatladilar.
  • 1993 yil, 26 fevral: Warrington bomba hujumlari (1-qism): Gazni saqlash joylariga biriktirilgan IRA bombalari portlab, keng ko'lamli zarar etkazdi va juda kuchli olovga sabab bo'ldi. Kompyuter Mark Tokerni bir necha soat oldin o'zlarining mikroavtobuslarini haydab chiqqandan so'ng, bombardimonchilar tomonidan uch marta o'q uzilgan.
  • 1993 yil, 27 fevral: Kamden Taun shahridagi portlash: London shahridagi Kamden Xayt ko'chasida IRA bombasi portlab, 18 kishini yaraladi.
  • 1993 yil, 20 mart: Warrington bomba hujumlari (2-qism): Savdo uchastkasidagi axlat qutilarida ikkita bomba portladi Uorrington, Cheshire, uch yoshli bolani o'ldirdi va 55 kishini yaraladi. Ikkinchi bomba birinchisidan bir daqiqa ichida, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri dastlabki portlashdan qochganlarning ko'pchiligining yo'lida sodir bo'ldi. Bir necha kundan keyin olgan jarohatlari tufayli kasalxonada vafot etganida, 12 yoshli bola ikkinchi o'limga aylandi. Portlashdan 30 daqiqa oldin Liverpulda samariyaliklarga ogohlantirish telefon qilingan, ammo Uorrington haqida ma'lumot berilmagan.
  • 1993 yil, 24 aprel: Bishopgate portlashi: IRA yuk mashinasida ulkan (1,2 tonna trotilga teng) yuk mashinasini portlatdi London shahri da Bishopsgate. Politsiya telefon orqali ogohlantirish olgan, ammo portlash paytida hamon bu joyni evakuatsiya qilmoqda. Gazeta fotosuratchisi o'ldirildi, 40 dan ortiq odam jarohat oldi va 350 million funt sterlingga zarar etkazildi.[40]
  • 1994 yil, mart: Xitrou minomyot hujumlari: AIR minomyot hujumlarini uyushtirdi Xitrou aeroporti London yaqinida. Hujumlar jiddiy buzilishlarga olib keldi, ammo ozgina zarar ko'rdi.
  • 1994, 26-27 iyul: Londonda bir guruh falastinliklar ikkita bomba portlatdilar, Isroil elchixonasi tashqarisida[34] va Balfur uyining tashqarisida, yahudiylarning xayriya tashkiloti. Hujumlar natijasida yigirma kishi jarohat oldi.[34]
  • 1994 yil, 13-avgust: Vulvortning tashqarisida velosipedga o'ralgan 2,5 funtlik Semtex Bognor Regis, 15 ta do'konga zarar etkazgan holda portladi. Shu kabi bomba yaqin atrofdan topilgan Brayton.[43]
  • 1995 yil, 24-yanvar: Des Pardes muharriri, Tarsem Singx Pureval, gazetaning Southall ofisiga yaqin joyda otib o'ldirilgan.[44]
  • 1996 yil, 9 fevral: London Doklenddagi portlash: IRA kuchli yuk mashinasini portlatib yubordi Kanareykalar Wharf telefon qilingan ogohlantirishlardan so'ng Londonning moliyaviy tumani. Portlash jiddiy zarar etkazdi va ikki kishi halok bo'ldi.
  • 1996 yil, 18 fevral: Aldvich avtobusini portlatish: An qo'lbola portlovchi qurilma bilan ketayotgan avtobusda muddatidan oldin portlatilgan Aldvich London markazida, Edward O'Brienni o'ldirdi, bu IRA a'zosi, transport vositasini tashiydi va sakkiz kishini jarohatlaydi.
  • 1996 yil, 15 iyun: Manchesterdagi portlash: IRA telefon orqali qilingan ogohlantirishdan so'ng Manchester markazida kuchli yuk mashinasini portlatdi. Bu Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan beri Britaniyada portlatilgan eng katta bomba edi. Bu keng miqyosda zarar etkazdi va 200 dan ortiq odam jarohat oldi, ammo o'lim yo'q.
  • 1999 yil, 17 aprel, 24 aprel, 30 aprel: 1999 yil London tirnoqlarida portlashlar: Devid Kopeland Londonda qora, Bangladesh va gomoseksual jamoalarni nishonga olgan uchta tirnoqli bombani o'rnatdi, uch kishini (shu jumladan, homilador ayolni) o'ldirdi va 129 kishini yaraladi. Kopeland, o'ta o'ng ekstremist, aybdor deb topildi qotillik 2000 yil 30-iyunda.
Parlamentga 1980-1994 yillarda taqdim etilgan AIR terroristik hodisalari ro'yxatiga ham murojaat qiling bu erda sahifaning yarmida

2000-yillar

London shahridagi yodgorlik Hyde Park qurbonlariga 7-iyul kuni portlashlar.

2010 yil

  • 2010 yil, 14-may: Deputat Stiven Timms pichoq bilan jarohatlandi Britaniyalik islomiy ekstremist Rozhonara Choudri tomonidan uning saylov okrugida uni o'ldirishga qaratilgan operatsiya paytida. U qotillikka urinishda aybdor deb topildi va eng kam 15 yillik umrbod qamoq jazosiga mahkum etildi. Choudri birinchi bo'ldi Al-Qoida Britaniyada suiqasd qilishga urinish uchun xayrixoh.
  • 2013 yil, 29 apreldan 12 iyulgacha: Pavlo Lapshin, ukrainalik talaba va o'ng qanot ekstremist 29 aprel kuni Birmingem shahrida yashovchi Muhammad Soliemni pichoq bilan o'ldirgan. Keyinchalik Lapshin 21 iyun kuni Volsolldagi masjid oldida uyda ishlab chiqarilgan bombani portlatdi.[47] 28 iyun kuni Lapshin Vulverxemptondagi masjid yonida uy sharoitida ishlab chiqarilgan ikkinchi bombani portlatib yubordi va 12 iyulda Tiptondagi masjidga mixlari bo'lgan qo'lbola portlovchi moslama bilan hujum qildi. Keyinchalik u politsiyaga "poyga urushi" boshlashni xohlashini tan oldi.[48] va kamida 40 yil qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi.[49][50][51]
  • 2013 yil, 22-may: Britaniyalik askar, Li Rigbi, hujum paytida o'ldirilgan Vulvichda miltiq, pichoq va qurol bilan qurollangan ikki islomiy ekstremist Maykl Adebolajo va Maykl Adebowale tomonidan. ruhoniy pichoq. Ikkala erkak ham jazoga hukm qilindi umrbod qamoq, Adebolajo-ga berilgan butun hayot tartibi va Adebowale kamida 45 yil xizmat qilishni buyurdi.[52]
  • 2014 yil, 10-14 fevral: The Yangi Irlandiya respublika armiyasi (NIRA) bir qator uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga oladi posilka bomba Oksford, Brighton, Canterbury, Slough, Aldershot, Reading va Chatham shaharlaridagi armiyani yollash idoralariga yuborildi.[53][54]
  • 2016 yil, 16 iyun: Jo Koksning qotilligi - 52 yoshli Tomas Mayr oq millatchi, deputatni o'qqa tutdi va pichoq bilan urdi Jo Koks jarrohlikdan tashqari Birstall, G'arbiy Yorkshir va unga yordamga kelgan yo'lovchini qattiq yaraladi. Hujum terroristik harakat sifatida ko'rib chiqildi,[55] va Mairga hukm chiqarishda umrbod qamoq sudya "bu qotillik siyosiy, irqiy va mafkuraviy sababni, ya'ni zo'ravon oq supremacizm va eksklyuziv millatchilikni ilgari surish maqsadida qilinganiga shubha yo'q. Natsizm va uning zamonaviy shakllari ".[56]
  • 2017 yil, 22 mart: 2017 yil Vestminster hujumi - 52 yoshli islomchi Xolid Masud Vestminster ko'prigida mashinani piyodalar ustiga haydab, to'rt kishini o'ldirgan va deyarli ellik kishini jarohatlagan. U maydonchaga yugurdi Vestminster saroyi va politsiya tomonidan otib o'ldirilishidan oldin politsiyachini pichoq bilan o'ldirgan. Hujum Islomiy ekstremizm tomonidan qo'zg'atilgan terrorchilik harakati sifatida ko'rib chiqildi.[57][58][59][60]
  • 2017 yil, 22-may: Manchester Arenadagi portlash - Islomchi xudkush-terrorchi, 22 yoshli Salmon Abedi o'zini portlatib yubordi Manchester Arena odamlar kontsertdan ketayotganda, 22 kishi o'lgan va 139 kishi jarohat olgan. Bu Britaniyadagi eng qonli terakt bo'ldi 7/7 London portlashlari 2005 yilda. Jabrlanganlarning aksariyati bolalar yoki o'spirinlar edi, eng kichigi sakkiz yoshli qiz.[61][62]
  • 2017 yil, 3-iyun: 2017 yilgi London ko'prigiga hujum - Uchta islomchi furgonni piyodalar ustiga haydab yubordi London ko'prigi yaqin atrofdagi pablar va atrofdagi odamlarni pichoqlashdan oldin Borough Market. Sakkiz kishi halok bo'ldi va kamida 48 kishi yaralandi.[63][64][65] Hodisa haqida xabar berilganidan sakkiz daqiqa o'tgach, hujumchilar politsiya tomonidan otib o'ldirildi. Uchalasi ham qalbaki xudkush bombasi kamzulini kiyishgan.
  • 2017 yil, 19-iyun: Finsbury Parkdagi hujum - Darren Osborne, 47 yoshli britaniyalik, furgonni yaqinidagi musulmonlarga sig'inib yubordi Finsbury Park masjidi, London. Avvalroq yiqilib, unga birinchi tibbiy yordam ko'rsatilayotgan erkak voqea joyida vafot etdi. Ushbu voqea tomonidan tergov qilingan terrorizmga qarshi kurash politsiya terakt sifatida.[66][67][68] 23 iyun kuni Osborne terrorizm bilan bog'liq qotillik va qotillikka urinishda ayblangan.[69][70] 2018 yil fevral oyida Vulvich toj sudi, u ikkala moddada ham aybdor deb topildi[71] va umrbod qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi.
  • 2017 yil, 15 sentyabr: Parsons Green portlashi - London metro poyezdi nishonga olingan va guvohlar chaqnash va portlash haqida xabar berishgan.[72] O'ttiz kishi jarohat oldi, asosan chaqmoq yonadi va ezilgan jarohatlar, ammo halok bo'lganlar yo'q edi. Xavf darajasi ko'p o'tmay tanqidiy eng yuqori nuqtasiga ko'tarildi.[73]
  • 2018 yil, 14-avgust: 2018 Vestminster avtouloviga hujum - Ford Fiesta Vestminster saroyi tashqarisida piyodalarni yugurib ketdi. Ikki politsiyachini nishonga olganidan keyin mashina xavfsizlik to'sig'iga urilib ketdi.[74]
  • 2018 yil, 31 dekabr: Somdi oilasidan Gollandiya fuqarosi Mahdi Mohamud, pichoq bilan hujum qilib, uchtasini pichoqlagan da Manchester Viktoriya stantsiyasi. Mohamud "Allohu Akbar!" Deb baqirdi. va "Yashasin xalifalik!" hujum paytida. Paranoid shizofreniya kasalligiga chalinganiga qaramay, Mahomud juda ko'p miqdordagi ekstremistik materiallarga ega bo'lganligi va hujumni keng rejalashtirgani sababli, terroristik jinoyat va uch kishini o'ldirishga urinishda aybdor deb topildi.
  • 2019 yil, 8-yanvar: Samiulahaq Akbari, afg'onistonlik boshpana izlovchi, inglizlarni 10 dyuymli oshxona pichog'i bilan o'ldirishga urindi London janubidagi Tornton Xitdagi supermarketda. U o'n to'qqiz yilga ozodlikdan mahrum etildi.
  • 2019 yil, 29-noyabr: 2019 yil London ko'prigini pichoqlash - 2019 yil 29 noyabrda Angliya markaziy Londonidagi London ko'prigi yaqinida soat 13:58 da politsiyani pichoqlashga chaqirishdi. Bayonotda aytilishicha, bir kishi hibsga olingan va "bir necha kishi" jarohat olgan. Hujum natijasida ikki kishi halok bo'ldi, uch kishi yarador bo'ldi. Hujumchi, 28 yoshda Usmon Xon, politsiya tomonidan otib o'ldirilgan va voqea joyida o'lgani tasdiqlangan.[75][76]

2020 yil

  • 2020 yil, 9-yanvar: Kambridjeshirdagi Uitemur qamoqxonasidagi ikki mahbus o'z joniga qasd qilish uchun qalbaki yelek kiyib olgan va qo'lbola pichoqli qurol olib yurgan bir qamoqxona ofitseriga bir necha bor pichoq bilan jarohat etkazgan va jiddiy tan jarohati etkazgan va boshqalarga zarar etkazgan.

Hujumlarning oldini olish, muvaffaqiyatsiz tugatish yoki bekor qilish

Bu ma'lum bo'lgan hujumlar, ular ishlagan yoki etarlicha katta bo'lgan taqdirda hayot uchun xavf tug'dirishi mumkin edi. Ro'yxat faqat rejalashtirish bosqichida bo'lgan, ammo amalda bo'lmagan hujumlarni o'z ichiga olmaydi.

  • 1605 yil, 5-noyabr: Barut uchastkasi: Katolik tarafdori fitna Kingni o'ldirishga uringan Jeyms VI va men davomida Parlamentning davlat tomonidan ochilishi bu erda Angliya siyosati, shu jumladan ruhiy va vaqtinchalik lordlar va parlament a'zolari yig'ilgan edi. Ostida 36 barrel porox topilgan Vestminster saroyi tomonidan qo'riqlanmoqda Gay Foks. Ushbu urinish barham topdi va Foks va fitna rahbarlari davlatga xiyonat qilishda aybdor deb topilib, bo'lishga hukm qilindi osilgan, chizilgan va to'rtburchak.
  • 1981 yil, yanvar: Vaqtinchalik Irlandiya respublika armiyasi (IRA) Suvla barak blokiga bomba qo'ydi RAF Uxbridge. Qurilma topildi va u erda yashovchi 35 RAF musiqachisi va 15 nafar havo kuchlari portlashidan oldin evakuatsiya qilindi.
  • 1985 yil: Politsiya guruhni rivojlantirish bo'yicha sobiq direktorining uyidan 10 ta granata, ettita benzinli bomba va ikkita detonator topdi. Britaniya milliy partiyasi, Toni Lekomber, u ofislariga olib borgan tirnoq bombasi bilan jarohat olganidan keyin Ishchilar inqilobiy partiyasi. Ostida hukm qilingan Portlovchi moddalar to'g'risidagi qonun 1883 yil.
  • 1992 yil, 1 mart: IRA bombasi politsiya tomonidan tarqatildi White Hart Lane temir yo'l stantsiyasi Londonda.
  • 1993 yil, 23 oktyabr: In O'qish, Berkshire, IRA bombasi yaqinidagi signal postida portladi Temir yo'l stansiyasi, bir necha soatdan keyin stantsiya hojatxonasida 5 kg (2 kg) Semtex topildi. Natijada temir yo'lning yopilishi va stantsiyani evakuatsiya qilish bir necha soat davomida sayohat tartibsizligini keltirib chiqardi, ammo hech kim jabrlanmadi.
  • 1996 yil, 24 aprel: 1996 yil Hammersmith ko'prigidagi portlash urinish.
  • 2000 yil, 1-iyun: Real IRA janubiy tomoni ostidagi to'singa bog'langan yuqori portlovchi moslamani o'rnatishda gumon qilinmoqda Hammersmith ko'prigi, ertalab soat 4:30 da portlagan.[77]
  • 2000 yil, 17-noyabr: Politsiya Moinul Abedinni hibsga oldi. Uning Birmingemdagi uyida bomba yasash bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar, jihozlar va portlovchi moddaning izlari bo'lgan HTMD. Abedin ijaraga olgan yaqin atrofdagi blokirovkada 100 kg HTMD kimyoviy komponentlari bo'lgan.[78] 2020 yil mart oyida Jonatan Evans, sobiq bosh direktor MI5 intervyu berdi va ushbu voqeani quyidagicha izohladi: 'Buyuk Britaniyada bizda haqiqiy, jonli va haqiqiy tahdid borligini ko'rsatadigan birinchi alomat ... bu erda hujum qilishni rejalashtirgan al-Qoida bilan bog'liq bo'lgan Buyuk Britaniyadagi birinchi hibsga olish .. .2001/2002 yillarda Tolibon va afg'on lagerlari qulashi bilan, bu hech bo'lmaganda ilhomlangan "Al-Qoida" ning biron bir fitnasi ekanligini isbotlovchi dalillar paydo bo'ldi.[79]
  • 2001 yil, 3-noyabr: The 2001 yil Birmingemdagi portlash tomonidan Haqiqiy Irlandiya respublika armiyasi.
  • 2005 yil, 21-iyul: The 2005 yil 21 iyuldagi London portlashlari, shuningdek, to'rtta bo'lajak islomiy xudkush-terrorchilar tomonidan jamoat transportida o'tkazilgan, ularning bombalari portlamagan.
  • 2006 yil, 28 sentyabr: Talbot ko'chasida bomba yasash.
  • 2007 yil, 1 fevral: Britaniyalik musulmon askarining boshini kesish uchun fitna Britaniya armiyasining ruhiyatini buzish maqsadida. Pervayz Xon, Basiru Gassama, Zaxur Iqbol, Muhammad Irfan va Hamid Elasmar fitna uchun 40 oydan umrgacha ozodlikdan mahrum etildi.
  • 2007 yil, 29 iyun: Londonda bomba portlatilgan. Bilol Abdulloh va Kafeel Ahmed bomba o'rnatish bilan shug'ullanganligi aniqlandi. Ikkalasi ham javobgar edi Glazgo aeroportiga hujum.
  • 2008 yil, 27 fevral: Buyuk Britaniya politsiyasi o'ldirishga qaratilgan gumon qilingan fitnaning oldini oldi Saudiya Arabistoni Abdulloh Buyuk Britaniyaga 2007 yilgi davlat tashrifi chog'ida, dedi katta ofitser.
  • 2008 yil, 22-may: Exeter bombardimon qilishga urindi kafe hojatxonasida islomiy ekstremist tomonidan faqat jinoyatchiga shikast etkazish.
  • 2009 yil, 3 sentyabr: Manchester Pikadillining ko'p marotaba o'z joniga qasd qilishni rejalashtirgani.[80] 2009 yilda Pokiston fuqarosi Obid Nosir Buyuk Britaniyaga bir yil oldin kelganidan keyin Manchester Terror uyasi tarkibida bo'lganlikda gumon qilinib hibsga olingan 12 gumonlanuvchilardan biri edi. Hammasi yetarli bo'lmagan dalillarga ko'ra qo'yib yuborilgan, ammo Buyuk Britaniyadan deportatsiya qilish to'g'risida buyruq bergan. Nosirni Pokistonga deportatsiya qilishning oldi olindi, chunki u "yomon muomalada bo'lishi mumkin" degan qarorga kelgan. 2013 yilda, boshqa dalillar bo'yicha Al-Qoida manbalari hujjatlar, shu jumladan Bin Laden reydi, u AQShga ekstraditsiya qilingan va 2015 yil 4 martda Al-Qoidaning boshqa joylarda, shu jumladan, boshqa joylarda ham uyushtirilgan hujumda Manchester shahrining Arndale Center va Piccadilly savdo markazi atrofida ko'plab xudkushlik hujumlarini sinxronlashtirish rejasini uyushtirishda aybdor deb topilgan. Nyu-York metrosi, boshqa hujayralar bilan.
  • 2012 yil, iyun: beshta islomiy ekstremistlar bomba portlashni rejalashtirishgan Angliya mudofaa ligasi miting Dyuusberi lekin kech kelgan va qaytib kelganida hibsga olingan Birmingem. Oltinchisi ham sudlangan.[81]
  • 2013, aprel: qismi sifatida Pitsford operatsiyasi, 11 nafar musulmon ekstremist o'z joniga qasd qilgan bombachilar ishtirokidagi terror hujumini rejalashtirgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi.[82]
  • 2015 yil, 12-fevral: "Liverpul" Ritsinning uchastkasi:[83] Liverpulda operatsiya bazasi sifatida kvartirani ijaraga olgan IT xodimi Muhammad Ammar Ali 500 mg sotib olishga urindi ritsin, bu 1400 ga yaqin odamni o'ldirishi mumkin darkweb. Buning o'rniga FBI unga oq kukunni etkazib berdi. Bundan tashqari, zaharni tekshirish uchun quyon yoki chinchillalarni sotib olishga urinishlar bo'lganligi haqida dalillar topildi.
  • 2015 yil, 7 iyul: Londonning 7/7-sonli bombasini rejalashtirishga urinish.[84] Muhammad Rehman va Sana Ahmed Xon terrorizm aktini tayyorlagani uchun umrbod qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi.[85] Ularda 10 kg karbamid nitrat. Raxman o'zini "jimgina bombardimonchi" deb atadi va Twitter-dagi izdoshlaridan birini tanlashni so'radi Westfield Savdo markazi yoki London metrosi rejalashtirilgan xudkush bombasi uchun.
  • 2017 yil, 25-avgust: Mohiussunnath Chodhury Bukingem saroyi oldida politsiya xodimlarini qilich bilan kesib tashladi takror-takror "Allohu akbar" deb baqirayotganda. U terrorizmda aybsiz deb topildi sud tomonidan chiqarilgan, ammo terrorizm aktini tayyorlashda yagona ayblov bilan ayblangan. Qamoqdan chiqish paytida va undan keyin u yana terror hujumlarini rejalashtirishga kirishdi va 2018 yilda hibsga olingan.
  • 2017 yil, 28-noyabr: Bosh vazirni o'ldirishga urinish Tereza Mey, "Islomiy davlat" terrorchisi Naaimur Zakariya Rahmon Londonda yashirin tezkor xodimlardan soxta bomba va o'z joniga qasd qiladigan yelek to'plagandan so'ng hibsga olingan.[86]
  • 2018, fevral: oq tanli supremacist Ethan Stables, LGBT paradida machete hujumini rejalashtirishda hibsga olingan.[87]
  • 2018 yil, 9 aprel: Fatoh Muhammad Abdulloh "8000 dan ortiq gugurt, pirotexnika, sug'urta, portlovchi moddalarning prekursorlari yoki portlovchi moddalarni ishlab chiqarishda ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan moddalar va masofadan boshqarish pultini sotib oldi." U Germaniyada odamlarni terror xurujlariga undashda va portlovchi uskunalar sotib olishda aybini tan oldi.
  • 2019 yil, 3-iyul: Mohiussunnath Chodhury va uning singlisi Londonning turistik joylarini, shu jumladan, nishonga olishni rejalashtirgani uchun hibsga olingan Madam Tusso, Pikadli sirk va Londonniki Gey Pride parad, transport vositasi, pichoq va quroldan foydalangan holda. U 2020 yil 10 fevralda terroristik harakatlarni rejalashtirishda aybdor deb topilgan.
  • 2019 yil, 31-avgust: Anvar Driouich dan Midlsbro Shimoliy Londonda hibsga olingan va "portlovchi moddalarni saqlashda bitta jinoyat va terrorizmni sodir etgan yoki tayyorlagan shaxs uchun foydali bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan hujjatni saqlashda ettita ayblov bilan ayblangan". U 20 oylik qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi.
  • 2020 yil, 21 fevral: "Islomiy davlat" tarafdori Safiya Shayx bomba hujumida o'zini portlatmoqchi bo'lganini tan olganidan keyin hibsga olingan. Aziz Pol sobori, u "men o'lgunimcha o'ldiraman"[88]

Tabiatini hisobga olgan holda terrorizmga qarshi kurash, Buyuk Britaniyada terroristik xurujlarning oldini olishdagi yutuqlar har doim ham yuzaga chiqavermaydi yoki razvedka xizmatidagi muvaffaqiyatsizliklar singari jiddiy targ'ib qilinmaydi. Biroq, davomida politsiya 90 kunlik hibsga olish huquqini himoya qilish ga nisbatan Terrorizm to'g'risidagi qonun 2006 yil ular haqida batafsil ma'lumot bera olmaydigan barcha holatlarni sanab o'tadigan hujjatlarni ishlab chiqdilar.[89]Hokimiyat tez-tez tafsilotlarni bayon qilmasdan, hujumlarning sonini oldi, masalan. 2017 yil mart oyida 12 ta hujum avvalgi yili to'xtatilgani haqida xabar berilgan edi, ba'zi bir necha soat oldin ularga urinish kerak edi.[90]

Terrorizmga aloqador hibslar, hibslar va boshqa hodisalar

Bu holatlar Terrorizmga oid harakatlar chaqirilgan yoki o'sha paytda rasmiylar terroristik xarakterga ega deb taxmin qilgan. Ushbu ro'yxat tarkibiga har qanday materiallar yig'ilishidan oldin dastlabki bosqichda to'xtatilgan ikkala fitna va umuman aybsiz gumon qilinuvchilar kiradi.

  • 1997 yil, 11 aprel: sakkiz a'zosi Vaqtinchalik IRA - jumladan Irland-amerikalik xizmat qilgan AQSh dengiz piyodalari - 1996 yil iyulda politsiya va MI5 tomonidan to'siq qo'yilgan London va Janubi-Sharqiy Angliya mintaqalarida elektrni o'chirib tashlaydigan oltita elektr stantsiyani portlatish rejasidan keyin sudga tortilganlar.[91]
  • 2003 yil, 5-yanvar: Yog'och Yashil ricin uchastkasi, bu erda politsiya ishlab chiqarishda ayblangan olti jazoirlik hibsga olingan ritsin ustiga zahar hujumi uchun foydalanish London metrosi. Zahar topilmadi,[92][93] va bir necha kundan keyin Manchesterda hibsga olinish paytida to'rt politsiyachiga pichoq bilan jarohat etkazgan Kamel Bourgassdan tashqari, barcha odamlar terrorizm ayblovlaridan ozod qilindi. U o'ldirgan zobitni o'ldirishda aybdor deb topildi (u pichoqlagan boshqalar tirik qoldi). Shuningdek, u jamoat a'zolarini ritsin va boshqa zahar bilan zaharlamoqchi bo'lganligi uchun sudlangan. Keyinchalik fitna uyushtirishda gumon qilinganlardan ikkitasi soxta pasportlarga ega bo'lganlikda aybdor deb topildi.[94]
  • 2003 yil, oktyabr: Endryu Rou Doverga kirayotganda hibsga olinganidan keyin hibsga olingan Kanal tunnel Fransiyada.[95] "Global terrorchi" deb topilib, paypoqdagi portlovchi moddalar izlari va kod tarjimasi kitobi asosida 2005 yil 23 sentyabrda 15 yilga ozodlikdan mahrum qilingan.[96]
  • 2004 yil, 30 mart: G'arbiy Sasseksda 600 kg ammiakli selitra o'g'itlari bo'lgan 7 kishi hibsga olingan Yoriq operatsiyasi.
  • 2004 yil, 3-avgust: O'n to'rt kishi hibsga olingan, ammo faqat sakkiz kishiga nisbatan ayblanmoqda 2004 yil moliyaviy binolar uchastkasi Al-Qoidaning ikki agenti kimligi oshkor bo'lganidan keyin. Erkaklar AQShdagi moliyaviy binolarga hujum qilishning batafsil rejalariga ega edilar, ammo bomba yasaydigan uskunalar yo'q edi. Ularning rahbari, Dhiren Barot, 2006 yil 12 oktyabrda bo'lib o'tgan sud majlisida aybini tan oldi va umrbod qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi.
  • 2004 yil, 24 sentyabr: Holiday Inn-da hibsga olingan to'rt kishi Brent Xoch sotib olishga harakat qilmoqda qizil simob gazeta muxbiridan, yadroviy bomba qurish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan afsonaviy modda.[97] Uch kundan keyin bitta odam ozod qilindi,[98] qolgan uchtasi 2006 yil 25 iyuldagi sud jarayonida tozalandi,[99] davomida hakamlar hay'atiga "qizil simob mavjudmi yoki yo'qmi, ahamiyatsiz" deb aytilgan.[100]
  • 2005 yil, 22-iyul: The Metropolitan politsiyasi umuman jalb qilinmasdan o'ldirilgan Jan Sharl de Menez, terrorizmga qarshi kurash paytida, yaqinda yuz bergan terroristik hujum gumonlari tufayli poyezdda uning boshiga o'q uzgan Kratos operatsiyasi.
  • 2005 yil, 28-iyul: Devid Meri hibsga olingan Southwark "mavsumga juda issiq" ko'ylagi kiyganligi va katta sumkasini ko'targani uchun terrorizmda gumon qilinib metro stantsiyasi. Barcha ayblovlar 31 avgustda bekor qilindi.[101] Politsiyaning "uyini noqonuniy hibsga olish, hibsga olish va tintuv qilish" uchun kechirim so'rashi uchun yana to'rt yil kerak bo'ldi.[102]
  • 2005 yil, 28 sentyabr: Uolter Volfgang, who had been ejected from the Mehnat partiyasi konferentsiyasi after shouting "Nonsense!", was briefly held under Terrorizm to'g'risidagi qonun 2000 yil powers when he attempted to go back in.
  • 2005, 22 December: Abu Bakr Mansha, described by his barrister as an "utter incompetent", was accused of planning to murder a British soldier who had served in the Iroq urushi, and convicted under the Terrorism Act for possessing a document that was "likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism". He was sentenced to six years' imprisonment.
  • 2006, 2 June: The 2 June 2006 Forest Gate raid (on a house in O'rmon darvozasi ) saw the arrest of two suspects, one who was shot in the shoulder, on charges of conspiring to release a chemical weapon in the form of a suicide vest. The suspects were cleared of suspicion and released days later.
  • 2006, 10 August: The 2006 yil transatlantik samolyot uchastkasi to blow up 10 planes flying from Heathrow saw the arrest of 24 people from their homes in Britain, chaos at airports as security measures were put in place, and numerous high-level statements from US and UK officials. Eight people were put on trial, and three found guilty of conspiracy to murder. It was shown at their trial how bottles of liquid could be made into effective bombs. Following this incident, carriage of liquids in hand luggage on aircraft was restricted internationally to very small amounts. Rashid Rauf, suspected to have been the link between the UK plotters and Pakistan, escaped to Pakistan, where he was arrested, but escaped again on his way to an extradition hearing. It was reported that he was killed in a US airstrike in Shimoliy Vaziriston 2008 yil noyabrda.[103]
  • 2006, 23 August: The 2006 yil Cheetham Hill terrorizmni hibsga olish, where four men were arrested in the Manchester vicinity over the course of a month, and charged with financing terrorism.
  • 2006, 1 September: The Jameah islameah maktabi in Sussex was cordoned off for over three weeks and searched by a hundred police officers. Twelve men were arrested as part of the operation as they ate in a Chinese restaurant in London.
  • 2007, 1 November: Police searching for indecent images of children arrested Britaniya Xalq partiyasi local organiser Martyn Gilleard in Goole, Yorkshirning Sharqiy minishi under the Terrorism Act, over explosives found in his home. He was subsequently charged with possession of material for terrorist purposes and collection of information useful to a terrorist, and also pleaded guilty to possessing 39,000 indecent images. He was jailed for 16 years.[104][105][106]
  • 2008, 14 May: The Nottingem Ikkinchi were arrested and detained for six days under the Terrorizm to'g'risidagi qonun 2000 yil. A aspirant had downloaded a 140-page English translation of an Al-Qoida dan hujjat Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Adliya vazirligi website for his PhD research on jangari Islom. He sent it to a friend in the Modern Language department, for printing. Both were cleared of terrorizm -related offences, but the friend was immediately re-arrested on immigration grounds.[107][108][109][110]
  • 2008, 14 September: Oxford graduate Stephen Clarke arrested after someone thought they saw him taking a photograph of a sealed man-hole cover outside the central public library in Manchester. He was arrested under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000, held for 36 hours while his house and computer were searched, and then released without charge. No photographs of man-hole covers were found.[111]
  • 2009, 13 February: Nine men arrested on the M65 motorway under section 40 of the Terrorism Act 2000. Six were kept hand-cuffed in the back of a van for seven hours. The remaining three were detained for six days. Hech kim ayblanmadi. [7]
  • 2011, 19 September: G'arbiy Midlend politsiyasi arrested a woman who lived in the Alum Rock area of Birmingem. Salma Kabal, 22, appeared in court on 16 November 2011 accused of failing to inform police that her husband, Ashik Ali, planned to kill himself. The official charge was that she "knew or believed might be of material assistance in securing the apprehension, prosecution or conviction of another person for an offence involving the commission, preparation or instigation of an act of terrorism".[112]
  • 2011, 15 November: West Midlands Counter Terrorism Unit arrested four people at their homes who were from Sparkhill Birmingham, on suspicion of conducting terrorist offences. The four men appeared in court in Vestminster on 19 November 2011 charged with terrorism offences. They were named as Khobaib Hussain, Ishaaq Hussain and Shahid Kasam Khan, all 19, and Naweed Mahmood Ali, 24. They were charged with fundraising for terrorist purposes and for travelling to Pakistan for terrorist training.[113]
  • 2012, 28 June: The two men, aged 18 and 32, were arrested at separate residential addresses in east London by officers from the Metropolitan Police Counter-Terrorism Command, at 7 am on Thursday. It was believed the men were involved in a bomb plot concerning the 2012 London Summer Olympics. A Shotland-Yard spokesman said: "At approximately 07:00 hrs today, Thursday June 28, officers from the counter-terrorism command arrested two men under the Terrorism Act 2000 on suspicion of the commission, preparation or instigation of acts of terrorism. The men were arrested at separate residential addresses in east London. Both addresses are currently being searched under the Terrorism Act 2000".[114]
  • 2014, 20 August: Four men were arrested in Shimoliy Irlandiya ustidan Yangi IRA plot to send letter bombs to targets in England, including home secretary Tereza Mey.[115]
  • 2017, 5 September: Three men, including two serving British soldiers, were arrested and later charged with several offences relating to membership of the neo-Nazi Milliy harakat terrorist organisation and preparing for acts of terrorism.[116]
  • 2018, 18 April. A 26-year-old male was arrested by Kent politsiyasi and the Counter Terrorism Police at his home address in Rochester, Kent.[117] On 1 May 2018, following a custody extension, he appeared at Westminster Magistrates Court where he was charged with planning terrorist attacks on London tourist attractions, namely Oksford ko'chasi va Madam Tusso. He was also charged with attempting to join Daish, aks holda nomi bilan tanilgan Islomiy davlat, ichida Filippinlar. He was not granted bail, and was remanded in custody until he appears before the Jinoyat ishlari bo'yicha Markaziy sud on 11 May 2018. He pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey on 10 August 2018 and is due to be sentenced on 2 November 2018.[118][119][yangilanishga muhtoj ]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Chilcot, Sir John. "The report of the Iraq Enquiry (Chilcot report)". www.iraqinquiry.org.uk. Buyuk Britaniya hukumati. Olingan 5 iyun 2017.
  2. ^ "UK vulnerability to major terrorist attack - JIC Assessment (18 September 2001)" (PDF). www.iraqinquiry.org.uk. Qo'shma razvedka qo'mitasi. Olingan 5 iyun 2017.
  3. ^ Greenwald, Glenn (7 July 2016). "Chilcot report and the 7/7 London bombing anniversary converge to highlight terrorism's causes". Intercept. Olingan 5 iyun 2017.
  4. ^ Taylor, Richard Norton (3 April 2006). "Iraq war 'motivated London bombers'". Guardian. Olingan 5 iyun 2017.
  5. ^ Kevin Liptak; Jeff Zeleny; Zakari Koen. "Trump: US launches strikes on Syria". CNN. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 14 aprelda. Olingan 14 aprel 2018.
  6. ^ "Majority of British voters agree with Corbyn's claim UK foreign policy increases risk of terrorism". Mustaqil. 6 iyun 2017 yil.
  7. ^ a b "How many people are killed by terrorist attacks in the UK?". Telegraf. 5 June 2017.
  8. ^ "Sutton Index of Deaths: Geographical Location of the death". Internetdagi nizolar arxivi. Olingan 5 iyun 2017.
  9. ^ a b Douglas, Roger. Law, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Terrorism. University of Michigan Press, 2014. p.18
  10. ^ "Astronomers and the anarchist bomber". Grinvich qirollik muzeylari. Olingan 25 mart 2017.
  11. ^ "Metropoliten temir yo'lidagi portlash". The Times (35189). 28 aprel 1897. p. 12. Olingan 11 avgust 2009.
  12. ^ "Aldersgate-Strit stantsiyasidagi portlash". The Times (35212). 25 may 1897. p. 15. Olingan 11 avgust 2009.
  13. ^ Dingley, James. The IRA: The Irish Republican Army. ABC-CLIO, 2012. p.82
  14. ^ "1971: British minister's home bombed". BBC yangiliklari. 1971 yil 12-yanvar. Olingan 8 may 2010.
  15. ^ Bright, Martin (3 February 2002). "Jahl bilan orqaga qarang". Guardian. London. Olingan 8 may 2010.
  16. ^ Bomb explodes in Post Office tower On this day report by the BBC
  17. ^ Parcel bomb attack on Israeli embassy On this day report by the BBC
  18. ^ "Camden New Journal - Letters to the Editor". www.thecnj.com.
  19. ^ Londonning markaziy qismida bomba portlashlari sodir bo'ldi On this Day report by the BBC
  20. ^ IRA bombs parliament On this day report by the BBC
  21. ^ Bomb blast in London club On this Day report by the BBC
  22. ^ [1] Hisobot
  23. ^ "CAIN: 1975 yilgi mojaro xronologiyasi". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Olingan 8 iyun 2019.
  24. ^ a b "BOMB INCIDENTS (Hansard, 28 January 1975)". api.parliament.uk.
  25. ^ Robert Bartlett and Terry Waterfield. "Surrey Constabulary: Part 3: Policing Change: 1951-1975". Olingan 22 noyabr 2014.
  26. ^ "1975 yil: teleboshlovchi Ross Makvayrter otib o'ldirildi". BBC yangiliklari. 27 November 1975.
  27. ^ "Bomb in pub - City police hold 4". Evening Times, 20 December 1975.
  28. ^ https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1978/jan/17/car-bomb-london Hansard, 17 January 1978
  29. ^ "Picture and brief report". Flickr. Olingan 22 noyabr 2014.
  30. ^ "BOMB INCIDENTS (Hansard, 18 January 1979)". hansard.millbanksystems.com. Olingan 21 mart 2017.
  31. ^ "ITN News Clip | The night the IRA tried to blow us up | ITN News Clips | Old Films | History | Canvey Island Archive". www.canveyisland.org. Olingan 21 mart 2017.
  32. ^ Yog'och, Yan S. Sadoqat jinoyati: UDA tarixi. Edinburgh University Press, 2006. p.329
  33. ^ "A bomb blast rocks the ANC London office – South African History Online". Olingan 22 noyabr 2014.
  34. ^ a b v Alexander, Y. (2002). Combating terrorism: Strategies of ten countries. Ann Arbor: Michigan universiteti. p. 206.
  35. ^ a b Singx, Gurxarpal; Tatla, Darsham Singh (3 October 2006). Britaniyadagi sikxlar: Jamiyatni yaratish. Zed kitoblari. p.238. ISBN  9781842777176. sangtar singh sandhu.
  36. ^ Bremner, Charles (8 June 2005). "Tomb of the unknown assassin reveals mission to kill Rushdie". The Times. London. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2010 yil 1 iyunda.
  37. ^ IRA bombs Stock Exchange On this Day report by the BBC.
  38. ^ "1990–92: Start of the talks process". BBC yangiliklari. 18 March 1999.
  39. ^ [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdOx1XECiqU#action=share
  40. ^ a b De Baroid, Siyan (2000). Ballymurphy And The Irish War. Pluton press. p.325. ISBN  0-7453-1509-7.
  41. ^ "Glenn Goodman murder: 20th anniversary service held". 14 June 2012 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  42. ^ IRA bombs Manchester On this Day report by the BBC.
  43. ^ [2] The Independent – Tuesday 16 August 1994.
  44. ^ Gunman kills Sikh newspaper editor Gunman kills Sikh newspaper editor.
  45. ^ "BBC tashqarisida bomba portlashi". BBC yangiliklari. 4 mart 2001 yil. Olingan 22 sentyabr 2006.
  46. ^ "Jury finds letter bomber guilty", BBC News, 2007 yil 27 sentyabr
  47. ^ "Mosque bomber Pavlo Lapshyn given life for murder". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 25 oktyabr. Olingan 2 sentyabr 2017.
  48. ^ Tom Whitehead and Miranda Prynne (21 October 2013). "Ukrainian white supremacist launched one man race war". Daily Telegraph. Olingan 2 sentyabr 2017.
  49. ^ "Terror killer Pavlo Lapshyn jailed for minimum of 40 years". G'arbiy Midlend politsiyasi. 25 oktyabr 2013. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2013 yil 29 oktyabrda. Olingan 11 yanvar 2015.
  50. ^ Paul Owen and Conal Urquhart (22 May 2013). "Woolwich attack: government convenes emergency meeting". Guardian. Olingan 22 may 2013.
  51. ^ Vikram Dodd. "Pavlo Lapshyn, the 'shy and polite' student turned terrorist". Guardian. Olingan 22 noyabr 2014.
  52. ^ "Li Rigbi o'ldirilishi: Adebolajo va Adebowale qamoqqa tashlandi". BBC yangiliklari. BBC. 2014 yil 26-fevral. Olingan 26 fevral 2014.
  53. ^ Farmer, Ben (14 February 2014). "'New IRA' main suspects behind letter bombs". ISSN  0307-1235. Olingan 10 dekabr 2019.
  54. ^ Makdonald, Genri; correspondent, Ireland (17 February 2014). "New IRA sent bombs to army recruitment centres, Met confirms". Guardian. ISSN  0261-3077. Olingan 10 dekabr 2019.
  55. ^ Dodd, Vikram (23 June 2016). "Thomas Mair to go on trial in autumn accused of Jo Cox murder". Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Olingan 23 iyun 2016.
  56. ^ J. Wilkie (23 November 2016). "Sentencing remarks of Mr Justice Wilkie: R -v- Mair (Jo Cox murder)" (PDF). Sud hokimiyati. Olingan 24-noyabr 2016.
  57. ^ Griffin, Andrew (23 March 2017). "Khalid Masood: London attacker was known to MI5 but had no terror convictions". Mustaqil. Olingan 23 mart 2017.
  58. ^ Mendick, Robert (23 March 2017). "The violent extremist who dropped off the police's radar". Telegraf. Olingan 23 mart 2017.
  59. ^ Bilefskiy, Dan. "London Attacker Identified as Khalid Masood". The New York Times. London. Olingan 23 mart 2017.
  60. ^ "London attack: Police name Westminster attacker". BBC yangiliklari. 23 mart 2017 yil. Olingan 23 mart 2017.
  61. ^ Fipps, Kler; Ravlinson, Kevin; To'quvchi, Metyu; Chumchuq, Endryu; Johnston, Chris (24 May 2017). "Soldiers on British streets as threat level raised to critical – as it happened" - The Guardian orqali.
  62. ^ "LIVE: Manchester 'explosion' treated as terror". Sky UK. 2017 yil 22-may. Olingan 22 may 2017.
  63. ^ "Metropolitan Police (@metpoliceuk) | Twitter". twitter.com. Olingan 3 iyun 2017.
  64. ^ "Latest updates: London security incidents". BBC yangiliklari. 3 iyun 2017 yil. Olingan 3 iyun 2017.
  65. ^ "London attack: Six killed in vehicle and stabbing incidents". BBC News Online. 4 iyun 2017 yil. Olingan 4 iyun 2017.
  66. ^ "London Metropolitan Police". Mynewsdesk. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2017 yil 19-iyun kuni. Olingan 24 iyun 2017.
  67. ^ "Finsbury Park Mosque attack latest: Theresa May vows hatred and evil will never succeed as Labour warns of rise in Islamophobia". Daily Telegraph. Olingan 24 iyun 2017.
  68. ^ Dodd, Vikram; Taylor, Matthew (20 June 2017). "London attack: 'Aggressive' and 'strange' suspect vowed to 'do some damage'". Guardian. ISSN  0261-3077. Olingan 24 iyun 2017.
  69. ^ Ross, Alice (27 June 2017). "Finsbury Park accused Darren Osborne appears at Old Bailey". Guardian. ISSN  0261-3077. Olingan 28 iyun 2017.
  70. ^ "BBC News: Man charged over Finsbury Park attack". BBC yangiliklari. 23 iyun 2017 yil.
  71. ^ "A man has been convicted of murder and attempted murder". Metropolitan politsiya xizmati. 1 Fevral 2018. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2018 yil 2 fevralda. Olingan 1 fevral 2018.
  72. ^ Watson, Leon (15 September 2017). "'A fireball singed all my hair': What Parsons Green terror attack witnesses saw" - www.telegraph.co.uk orqali.
  73. ^ Sawer, Patrik; Sabur, Rozina (16 September 2017). "Parsons Green attack: Police raid foster carers' home in west London as 18-year-old man is arrested in Dover" - www.telegraph.co.uk orqali.
  74. ^ "Westminster car crash treated as terror attack". 14 avgust 2018 yil. Olingan 5 dekabr 2019.
  75. ^ "BBC News: London Bridge: Attacker had been convicted of terror offence". BBC yangiliklari. 2019 yil 30-noyabr.
  76. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (2 February 2018). "Darren Osborne jailed for life for Finsbury Park attack". Guardian. Olingan 2 fevral 2018.
  77. ^ Tran, Mark (1 June 2000). "Dissident republicans suspected in Hammersmith bombing". Guardian. London. Olingan 19 dekabr 2007.
  78. ^ Morris, Steven (28 February 2002). "'Bomb factory' Muslim jailed for 20 years". Guardian. London. Olingan 11 noyabr 2009.
  79. ^ "A View from the CT Foxhole: Jonathan Evans, Former Director General, MI5". West Point-dagi terrorizm markaziga qarshi kurash. 24 mart 2020 yil. Olingan 22 iyul 2020.
  80. ^ "Terror suspect in US court accused of plot to bomb Manchester shopping centre". erkaklar. Olingan 15 yanvar 2016.
  81. ^ "Six admit planning to bomb English Defence League rally". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 30 aprel.
  82. ^ "Operation Pitsford: The 11 men". BBC yangiliklari. 26 aprel 2013 yil.
  83. ^ "Ricin trial: Jury shown timeline of Liverpool dad's alleged bid to buy poison". Liverpoolecho. Olingan 15 yanvar 2016.
  84. ^ correspondent, Owen Bowcott Legal affairs (29 December 2015). "Couple found guilty of 7/7 anniversary London bomb plot". Guardian. ISSN  0261-3077. Olingan 15 yanvar 2016.
  85. ^ Caroline Mortimer (30 December 2015). "'Silent Bomber' Mohammed Rehman and wife Sana Ahmed Khan sentenced to life in prison for London terror plot". Mustaqil. Olingan 6 iyun 2017.
  86. ^ "Theresa May assassination plotter jailed for life over bid to bomb Downing Street". Telegraf. 31 avgust 2018 yil. Olingan 21 fevral 2020.
  87. ^ "Neo-Nazi guilty of gay pride attack plan". BBC yangiliklari. 5 fevral 2018 yil. Olingan 31 mart 2018.
  88. ^ "St Paul's Bomb plot: IS supporter Safiyya Shaikh pleads guilty". BBC yangiliklari. 21 fevral 2020 yil. Olingan 21 fevral 2020.
  89. ^ "Shahar markazidagi portlashdan keyin odam ushlandi". BBC yangiliklari. 2008 yil 22-may. Olingan 22 may 2008.
  90. ^ Adam Lusher (23 March 2017). "Security services foiled more than 12 UK terror attacks last year, Defence Secretary reveals". Mustaqil. Olingan 6 iyun 2017.
  91. ^ "How IRA plotted to switch off London". Mustaqil. 1997 yil 12 aprel. Olingan 10 dekabr 2019.
  92. ^ "Fake Terror – Ricin Ring That Never Was". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013 yil 30 martda.
  93. ^ Jon Pike. "UK TERROR TRIAL FINDS NO TERROR". Olingan 22 noyabr 2014.
  94. ^ T cabin gate "Ricin plotter jailed for policeman's murder". Guardian. London. 2005 yil 13 aprel. Olingan 19 dekabr 2007.
  95. ^ "Man denies tunnel terror charges". BBC yangiliklari. 2004 yil 7-may. Olingan 19 dekabr 2007.
  96. ^ Muir, Hugh (24 September 2005). "British Muslim convert jailed for terrorism offences". Guardian. London. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  97. ^ Wilson, Jamie (27 September 2004). "Terror police arrest four over 'dirty bomb' newspaper sting". Guardian. London. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  98. ^ "'Terror plot' suspect is released". BBC yangiliklari. 2004 yil 30 sentyabr. Olingan 19 dekabr 2007.
  99. ^ "Trio cleared of red mercury plot". BBC yangiliklari. 25 iyul 2006 yil. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  100. ^ "Terror accused in 'mercury sting'". BBC yangiliklari. 2006 yil 25 aprel. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  101. ^ Mery, David (22 September 2005). "Suspicious behaviour on the tube". Guardian. London. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  102. ^ David Mery, Innocent in London – 'Suspicious behaviour on the tube', gizmonaut.net, olingan 7 may 2010.
  103. ^ "UK militant 'killed in Pakistan'". BBC yangiliklari. 2008 yil 22-noyabr.
  104. ^ "Terror charge man to face trial". BBC yangiliklari. 2007 yil 8-noyabr. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  105. ^ "Man held after 'explosives' find". BBC yangiliklari. 2007 yil 1-noyabr. Olingan 18 dekabr 2007.
  106. ^ "BPP ORGANISER CHARGED!". BPP. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2008 yil 2-yanvarda. Olingan 23 yanvar 2008.
  107. ^ Melani Nyuman, Nottingham Scholar Held for Six Days Under Anti-Terror Law, Times Higher Education, 2008 yil 29-may [3]
  108. ^ Polly Curtis, Student Researching Al-Qaeda Tactics Held for Six Days, Guardian, 2008 yil 24-may [4]
  109. ^ Lee Glendinning, It Really is Psychological Torture, Guardian, 2008 yil 11-iyun[5]
  110. ^ Victim of State Islamaphobia Speaks Out, YouTube [6]
  111. ^ Kevin Daffi "Police Silent on DNA Demand". Kanal M. 2008 yil 18-dekabr. Olingan 10 dekabr 2009.
  112. ^ 'Suicide bomb plotter' told wife it was best they split up "Daily Telegraph online", Accessed 19-11-2011
  113. ^ Four Birmingham men remanded on terrorism charges "BBC News online", Accessed 19-11-2011
  114. ^ Gardem, Dunkan; Hough, Andrew (29 June 2012). "London 2012 Olympics: Muslim converts held over 'Games plot'". Daily Telegraph.
  115. ^ Makdonald, Genri; correspondent, Ireland (20 August 2014). "Four people arrested in Derry over New IRA plot to letter-bomb English targets". Guardian. ISSN  0261-3077. Olingan 10 dekabr 2019.
  116. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (13 September 2017). "'Neo-Nazi' arrests: Three alleged members of National Action appear in court charged with terror offences". Mustaqil.
  117. ^ "Terror suspect's detention extended". Kent Online. Olingan 2 may 2018.
  118. ^ "Muslim convert 'plotted attack on Madame Tussauds'". Kent Online. Olingan 2 may 2018.
  119. ^ "Muslim convert admits London Oxford Street terror plot Online". Olingan 10 avgust 2018.