Milnrow - Milnrow - Wikipedia

Milnrow
Milnrow.jpg
Milnrow va M62 avtomagistrali
Milnrow Buyuk Manchester shahrida joylashgan
Milnrow
Milnrow
Ichida joylashgan joy Buyuk Manchester
Aholisi13,061 (2011 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish )
OS tarmog'iga ma'lumotnomaSD926126
• London168 mil (270 km) SSE
Metropolitan tumani
Metropolitan grafligi
Mintaqa
MamlakatAngliya
Suveren davlatBirlashgan Qirollik
Pochta shaharchasiROCHDALE
Pochta indeksiOL16
Kodni terish01706
PolitsiyaBuyuk Manchester
Yong'inBuyuk Manchester
Tez yordamshimoli g'arbiy
Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti
Joylar ro'yxati
Buyuk Britaniya
Angliya
Buyuk Manchester
53 ° 36′36 ″ N. 2 ° 06′40 ″ V / 53.6101 ° N 2.1111 ° Vt / 53.6101; -2.1111Koordinatalar: 53 ° 36′36 ″ N. 2 ° 06′40 ″ V / 53.6101 ° N 2.1111 ° Vt / 53.6101; -2.1111

Milnrow (pop. 13.062 (2011))[1] ichida joylashgan shaharchadir Rochdeylning Metropolitan Borough, yilda Buyuk Manchester, Angliya.[2][3][4] Bu yotadi Daryo Beal tog 'etaklarida Janubiy Penninlar va bilan doimiy shahar maydonini tashkil qiladi Rochdeyl. Rochdale shahar markazidan 1,9 milya (3,1 km) sharqda, shimoliy-shimoli-sharqdan 10,4 mil (16,7 km). "Manchester" va shahar, shahar atrofi va qishloq joylarini qamrab oladi Shamolli tepalik sharqda to Rochdale kanali g'arbda. Milnrow 21-kavşağa qo'shni M62 avtomagistrali, va qishloqni o'z ichiga oladi Newhey va qishloqlar da Tunshill va Ogden.

Tarixiy jihatdan yilda Lankashir, Milnrow paytida O'rta yosh bir nechta qishloqlardan biri edi Buttervort shaharchasi va Rochdale cherkovi. Aholi punkti Anglo-saksonlar, lekin Normanning Angliyani zabt etishi voyaga etmagan tomonidan egalik qilishiga olib keldi Norman Shofildlar va Klegglar singari oilalar. 15-asrda ularning avlodlari muvaffaqiyatli a qulaylik cherkovi daryosi Beal bo'yida, uning Butteruortdagi asosiy aholi punkti sifatida rivojlanishiga turtki bo'ldi. Milnrow asosan marginal uchun ishlatilgan tepaliklarda dehqonchilik O'rta asrlarda va uning aholisi tong otguncha ko'p ko'paymagan jun 17-asrda savdo.

Ning rivojlanishi bilan qadoq rivojlanayotgan jun bozorlariga yo'nalishlar Yorkshir, Milnrow aholisi qabul qildi ichki tizim, tomonidan o'z daromadlarini to'ldirish mayda-chuyda qilish va ishlab chiqarish flanel ularning ichida to'quvchilar uylari. Ko'mir qazib olish va metallga ishlov berish ham rivojlandi Dastlabki zamonaviy davr va dehqonlar, kollerlar va to'quvchilar "mustaqil fikrlaydigan ishchilarning yaqin ahil aholisi" ni tashkil qildilar.[5] Butteruort qishlog'i Milnrow shahridagi tijorat va cherkov markazi atrofida birlashdi, chunki bu hududning flaneliga talab oshdi. 19-asrda Sanoat inqilobi ichki jun sanoatini siqib chiqargan va hududni a ga aylantirgan tegirmon shaharchasi, bilan paxta yigirish asosiy sanoat sifatida. Milnrow's-dan ommaviy ishlab chiqarilgan to'qimachilik mahsulotlari paxta zavodlari 1863 yilda temir yo'l kelishi bilan butun dunyoga eksport qilingan Milnrow shahar okrugi 1894 yilda tashkil topgan va 1974 yilda tugatilgunga qadar tuman kengashi tomonidan boshqarilgan.

Sanoatlashtirish va shahar atrofi 20-asrda sodir bo'lgan, natijada ko'mir qazib olinishi va paxta yigirilishi yo'qolgan. Milnrow 1974 yilda Rochdale Metropolitan Borough-ga qo'shilgan va shu vaqtdan beri Rochdale-ga shahar atrofida bo'lib kelgan.[3] Biroq, hudud "o'ziga xos va alohida belgini" saqlab qoldi,[5] va "janubiy Lankashir shevasining markazi" deb ta'riflangan.[6] John Collier (Tim Bobbin taxallusi bilan yozgan) XVIII asr karikaturasi va satirik shoiri sifatida tan olingan Lankashir-lahjasi Milnrowning maktab ustasi bo'lgan davrda ishlaydi. Rochdeylda tug'ilgan shoir Edvin Vo Klyerning ishi ta'sirida bo'lgan va 19-asrning o'rtalarida Milnrouga bag'ishlab uning haqida keng ma'lumot yozgan.[7] Milnrow avtoulov, temir yo'l va avtomobil yo'llari tarmoqlariga ulanishi tufayli 21-asrda o'sishda davom etdi. Tirik qolgan to'quvchilar uylari shular jumlasidandir Milnrow ro'yxatidagi binolar, esa Ellenroad bug 'muzeyi sifatida ishlaydi sanoat merosi markaz.

Tarix

Inson faoliyatining dastlabki dalillari quyidagilardan kelib chiqadi Mezolit minglab odamlarni tark etgan xalqlar chaqmoq toshlari Milnrow atrofidagi dengiz sohilida.[8][9] A ovchi sayt tomonidan qazilgan Piethorne Bruk 1982 yilda mezolit davridagi lager ochilib, undan kiyik ovlangan.[9] Neolitik faoliyati Nyuheyda topilgan toshbo'ronli bolta va topilgan qora tosh bolta bilan dalolat beradi Xollingvort ko'li.[eslatma 1][10][11] Qazish ishlari Piethorne suv ombori 19-asrning o'rtalarida 1990 yillar davomida o'tkazilgan tadqiqotlar bilan birgalikda nayza boshi (5 dyuym (130 mm) pichoq bilan) va keramika navbati bilan Bronza davri Buyuk Britaniya.[12][13] Bronza davri tumulus, dafn marosimi va tosh bolg'a yoki jangovar bolta 1879 yilda Low Hillda topilgan.[14][11] Ular mavjudligini anglatadi Keltik Britaniyaliklar.[12][13] Davomida Britaniya temir asri, Buyuk Britaniyaning ushbu qismi Prigantes, ammo, qadimiy bo'lishiga qaramay pechlar quruq uchun ishlatiladi temir tosh eritish Tunshillda topilgan,[15] Milnrow hududining tabiiy resurslari va landshaftiga qabilaning doimiy jalb qilinishi ehtimoldan yiroq emas.[16] Rim ma'budasining kumush haykali qoldiqlari Viktoriya va Rim tangalari 1793 yilda Tunshill fermasida topilgan,[17][18] va Rimliklarga ushbu sohani bosib o'tganliklari taxmin qilinmoqda Castleshaw Roman Fort.[16] Qurilish Viktoriya davri tosh asri, bronza asri yoki boshqa har qanday eksponatlarni yo'q qilish ehtimoli bor Rim Britaniya.[19]

Qo'ylar Rochdeyl yo'li Piethorne Valley vodiysida. Bu erda chorva mollari boqilgan Anglo-saksonlar, va yog 'va jun ishlab chiqarish sanoat yoshidagi dehqonchilik va tijorat amaliyotiga yo'l ochdi.

Davomida er ajratilgan Britaniyaning anglo-sakson aholi punkti.[20][21] Rochdale Manorining ushbu qismi mavsumiy bo'lganligi nazarda tutilgan ilova nomini keltirib chiqaradigan chorvachilik va sariyog 'ishlab chiqarish uchun Buttervort.[20] The Qadimgi ingliz ism qo'shimchani ishlatib, "yaxshi sariyog 'beradigan yopiq yaylov" ma'nosida talqin etiladi - arziydi odatda Janubiy Penninesdagi tog'li yaylovlarda qo'llaniladi.[22] Buttervort keng maydonga tatbiq etildi, uning ichida Milnrow ham bo'lgan Ingliz toponimikasi anglo-sakson yashash joyini nazarda tutadi.[23][2][24] Milnrow ismining ma'nosi qadimgi ingliz elementlarini birlashtirgan "uylar qatori tegirmon" degan ma'noni anglatishi mumkin myne va xom,[2] yoki myln va raw,[24] yoki bu suv ostida harakatlanadigan "Millner Xau" ning eski talaffuzidagi buzilish bo'lishi mumkin makkajo'xori tegirmoni ustida Mill Hill deb nomlangan joyda Daryo Beal bu 1568 yildan boshlab amalda qayd etilgan.[25][26][27] Yana bir tushuntirish - bu Milne ismli oiladan kelib chiqqan bo'lib, u qator uylarga egalik qilgan; 1292 yildagi xaritada Milnroudagi "Milnexuslar" ko'rsatilgan va boshqa imlolarga "Mylnerowe" (1545) va "Milneraw" (1577) kiritilgan.[26][27] Anglo-saksonlarning ashyoviy dalillari yoki Norsmenlar dan keladi monastir toshlar - ulardan bittasida Lotin matn - 1986 yilda Lowhouse Farm-da topilgan.[23] Toshlar yilga tegishli Viking yoshi 9-asrda.[23]

Buttervortda mavsumiy dehqonchilik amalga oshirildi Ilk o'rta asrlar dan keyin doimiy aholi punktlariga yo'l berdi Normanning Angliyani zabt etishi 1066 yilda;[20] The Norman "de Butterworths", "de Turnaghs", "de Schofields", "de Birchinleghs", "de Wylds" va "Kleggs" oilalari Butteruortning yangi qo'riqchilari edi,[26][28] ning hamletlarida Belfild, Briaked-gate-cum-Roughbank, Butterworth Hall, Klegg, Haughs, Lowhouse, Milnrow, Newhey, Ogden, Tunshill va Wildhouse.[29] Ushbu hamletlarga tegishli yozuvlar O'rta asrlarning yuqori asrlari noaniq yoki to'liq emas, lekin shou erlar oilalarga, Ellandlar oilasiga, Gollandlar oilasiga, Bayronlar oilasiga yoki boshqalarga tegishli edi. Knights Hospitaller.[30][31] Normon davrida Bayronlar oilasiga Milnrowda yer ajratilgan,[32] va ularning avlodlariga quyidagilar kiradi Barons Bayron ichida Angliyaning tengdoshligi. 1253 yilda, Qirol Genrix III gumon qilingan o'g'rilar ustidan sud ishlarini olib borish, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarish va sotishni tartibga solish uchun Knights Hospitaller-ga huquqlar Non va Ale-ni o'ldirish va o'rnatish a dorga osmoq ommaviy ijro uchun.[11][33] Butteruortda cherkov yo'q edi, u cherkovning bir qismi edi Rochdale cherkovi Rochdeyldagi St Chad cherkovi bilan aloqalar bilan.[34] Buttervort va uning atrofidagi tarqoq jamoat asosan qishloq xo'jaligi,[25][15] va markazida tepaliklarda dehqonchilik.[35] An notiqlik san'ati tomonidan litsenziyalangan Lichfild episkopi sifatida foydalanish uchun 1400 yilda xitob Bayron oilasi tomonidan,[36] va a qulaylik cherkovi 1496 yilda kuzatilgan keng jamoatchilik uchun.[11][36][37][38] 1496 yil 20 martda tuzilgan hujjat Genri VII, Milnroudagi Beal daryosi bo'yidagi ochiq erlar yangi cherkov joylashgan joy bo'lib, uni cherkovlik,[38] va uni asosiy hal qilish sifatida rivojlantirishga undash.[26][28] Milnrow Chapel hayotga layoqatli bo'lish uchun kurashdi va xayr-ehsonga bog'liq edi.[39] Donorlarning aralashuvi korrupsiyada ayblanib, uni musodara qilishga olib keldi toj da Monastirlarning tugatilishi.[40][31]

To'quvchilar uylari yordamida qurilgan Milnrowda qumtosh maydonga xos uslubda. To'quv dastgohi jun junlari davrida asosiy sanoat edi erta zamonaviy davr.

1610 yilda Milnrowda sayoz ko'mir qazib olish qayd etilgan,[11] 1624 yildagi huquqiy hujjatlarda Milnrowda oltita kottej borligi ko'rsatilgan; Batteruort Xollda yana to'qqiz kishi va Og'denda.[41] Tegirmon toshi uchun ishlatilgan o'sha davrning asosiy qurilish materiali bo'lgan quruq tosh fermer uylari va dala chegaralari.[42] Milnrow butun yil davomida shu tarzda qoldi So'nggi o'rta asrlar - cherkov yozuvlarda vaqti-vaqti bilan ko'rinib tursa -[31] qadar jun to'quvchilik joriy etildi.[43][44] Yordamchi kasb sifatida boshlanib, taroqlash, yigirish, va jun matolarni qo'lda to'qish ichki tizim 17-asrda Milnrowning asosiy sanoatiga aylandi.[45][35] Bu o'rta asr trans-Pennining rivojlanishi bilan qo'llab-quvvatlandi qadoq treklar, masalan, Milnrowdan tortib to Rapes Highway Marsden,[46][47] jun bozorlariga kirish imkoniyatini beradi Yorkshir va tijorat farovonligi va kengayishini ta'minlash.[45] To'ldirish va to'qimachilik oqartirish tanishtirildi,[11] va Milnrow "ayniqsa mashhur bo'ldi mayda-chuyda qilish ",[40] va "ishlab chiqarilishi bilan ajralib turadi flanellar ".[48] Milnrow flaneliga talab uning ta'minotidan ustun bo'la boshladi jun, natijada import Irlandiya va Ingliz Midlands.[43] Taxminan har hafta 40-50 ming qo'y terisi buyurtma qilingan,[49] va Milnrow-ning Uilyam Klegg kompaniyasi Angliyadagi eng yirik yiqituvchi hovli deb aytilgan joyni tashkil etdi.[40] Savdo belgilari Milnrowda mahalliy aholi tomonidan urilgan metallga ishlovchilar tanga tanqisligini to'ldirish uchun.[50] Qumtosh 17-asr oxirida qazib olingan,[51] Milnrou 1715 yilda to'liq tiklangan Milnrow kapellasini kengaytirish uchun material bilan ta'minlash,[40] shuningdek, uch qavatli yangi "nozik toshli uy ustaxonalari" yoki to'quvchilar uylari 18-asrda.[43][52][53] Ularning pastki qavatlarida va xonadonlari bor edi dastgoh - yuqori qavatdagi do'konlar.[43][52][53] Milnrow qishloqqa aylandi ishchilar sinfi Rochdale-dan markaziy marketing va tugatish markazi sifatida foydalangan savdogarlar;[43] The kurat Milnrowning ta'kidlashicha janob va yeomen sinflar barchasi 1800 yilgacha ushbu hududni tark etishgan.[54] XVIII asr oxirida boshqa bozorlarga yo'l aloqalari yaxshilandi,[55] bilan yakunlanadi Parlament akti a yaratish uchun 1805 yilda o'tgan turniket Newhey-dan "Xaddersfild".[56]

Buttervort Xoll Mill - Milnrowning so'nggi ishi paxta zavodi.

Midlton - tug'ilgan Radikal yozuvchi Samuel Bamford 19-asrning boshlarida Milnrouda "paxta yoki jun fabrikasi kabi narsa mavjud emas edi" deb yozgan.[57] 1815 yilga kelib uchta tijorat ishlab chiqaruvchilari Milnrowda jun fabrikalarini tashkil etishdi.[35] topograf bo'lsa Jeyms Buttervort Newhey 1828 yilda "bir nechta uylar va ikkita jamoat uylaridan iborat" deb yozgan.[58] The Sanoat inqilobi tanishtirdi zavod tizimi mahalliy aholi tomonidan qabul qilingan; daryosi Beal yangi jun to'qish fabrikalari va texnologiyalari uchun asosiy quvvat manbai bo'lgan.[44] Katta mexanizatsiyalashgan qurilish paxta zavodlari yaqinda Oldxem Milnrowda biznes egalari tomonidan hayratga tushgan va shu kabi fabrikalarni qurishga undagan; asosiy kasb jun to'qish bo'lib qoldi, ammo paxta yigirish va zanjir ishlab chiqarish joriy etildi.[44][59] Davr va mintaqada odatdagidan tashqari, ayniqsa Milnrow's kompaniyasining ayollari zanjir ishlab chiqaruvchisi sifatida ishlaydilar temirchilar XIX asr davomida.[35] Milliy, zavod tizimi va Misr to'g'risidagi qonunlar 1840 yil boshlarida ish haqini pasaytirish va oziq-ovqat narxlarini ko'tarish uchun birlashtirilib, 1842 yil avgustda Milnrowda norozilik va tartibsizlikka olib keldi; The Riot qonuni o'qildi va 11-gussarlar tartibni tiklash va yangi paydo bo'lgan tegirmonlarni va ularning egalarini zararlardan himoya qilish uchun ishlatilgan.[60] Misr to'g'risidagi qonunlar 1846 yilda bekor qilingan va Ordnance tadqiqot xaritalarda Milnrowda uchta jun fabrikasi va 1848 yilga kelib bitta paxta fabrikasi bo'lganligi ko'rsatilgan.[40] The Oldham korporatsiyasi olingan majburiy sotib olish huquqlari sotib olish va to'g'onni yopish uchun 1858 yilda Piethorne Bruk, to'ldirib Piethorne suv ombori 1863 yilda.[61] To'rtburchaklar ko'p qavatli g'ishtli paxta zavodlari qurildi,[62] va Britaniya savdo jurnali Milnrow va Newhey-dagi uylar "katta talabga ega" ekanligini ta'kidladi.[63] Terasli uylar bilan shifer tosh yoki qizil rangli tomlar va jabhalar g'isht ishchilar va oilalar oqimini joylashtirish uchun qator qilib qurilgan.[64] Ko'chalar va yo'llar edi toshbo'ron qilingan va transport edi otga tortilgan yoki tomonidan Rochdale kanali.[65] The Lankashir va Yorkshir temir yo'li ochdi Oldham Loop temir yo'l liniyasi 1863 yilda Milnrow va Newhey-dagi stantsiyalar bilan - ikkinchisi temir yo'lidan kontsentratsion ravishda tashqarida qurilgan tegirmonlar va uy-joylar bilan Nyuxining "sanoat qishlog'ini" vujudga keltirdi.[13] Butterworth Hall Colliery 1865 yilda ochilgan.[66] Biroq, jamoat ko'chalarni yoritish nizo eshitilgandan keyingina keng mavjud emas edi Lordlar palatasi 1869 yil aprelda.[67] Provayderlari gaz yoritgichi qo'shni Rochdale munitsipal tumani dastlab Milnrowni e'tibordan chetda qoldirishdi, chunki ular "o'zlarining tarmoqlarini ozroq aholi punktiga etkazib berishni o'zlariga arziydi deb o'ylamagan edilar", ammo keyinroq "aholining ko'payishi kuzatildi" va u "gullab-yashnamoqda".[67] 1870-yillarda,[35] jun "muvaffaqiyat bilan" paxta bilan almashtirildi.[63] Halqa aylanmoqda kompaniyalari - Buyuk Britaniyadagi ilk kompaniyalar - mahalliy nufuzli ishbilarmonlar tomonidan tashkil etilgan bo'lib, Milnrowning obro'si ko'tarildi. kompaniya shaharchasi - Heap ishbilarmonlari oilasi yangi tashkil topgan Milnrowga katta ta'sirchan va siyosiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi Mahalliy sog'liqni saqlash kengashi ularning Nyuheidagi Cliffe House uyidan.[68][69] Tomonidan ilhomlangan Rochdale teng huquqli kashshoflar jamiyati va yordamida Rochdale printsiplari, iste'molchilar kooperativi guruhlar 19-asrning ikkinchi yarmida Milnrow, Newhey, Ogden va Firgroveda tashkil etilgan.[5] 1885 yilda Milnrow mahalliy kengashi uchun munitsipal binolar ishlab chiqilgan, Parlament to'g'risidagi qonun Oldham korporatsiyasiga Piethorne vodiysida qo'shimcha suv omborlarini yaratish uchun keyingi xaridlarni amalga oshirish huquqini bergan.[70] Saylangan shahar tuman kengashi "gullab-yashnayotgan shaharcha" Milnrow va uning ichki qismi uchun 1894 yilda tashkil etilgan,[4][40] keyin yangi qulayliklar joriy etildi: a golf maydonchasi 1901 yilda Tunshillda,[71] va a Karnegi kutubxonasi 1907 yilda Milnrowda.[72] A bug 'bilan harakatlanadigan tramvay Rochdeylga ulangan tizim 1904 yilda Milnrowga ruxsat berildi, ammo "ikki jamoani yaqinlashtirish" Milxronni Rochdalega "qo'shilishini tezlashtirishga" olib keladi deb hisoblagan tumanning "ta'sirchan xalqi" tomonidan qarshilik ko'rsatildi va keyinchalik tark etildi.[40] Milnrow Kengashi tomonidan tasdiqlangan shartlar Rochdale Corporation tramvay yo'llari 1909 yilda elektr bilan ishlaydigan ko'cha darajasidagi yo'lovchi uchun tramvay yo'li g'arbda Firgrove dan janubda Newhey tomon yugurish.[73]

The M62 avtomagistrali Milnrow orqali 1971 yilda ochilgan.

1910-yillarda Milnrowda paxta yigiruv sanoatining asosiy sohasi bo'lgan - faqat Nixeyda 1911 yilda 2000 dan ortiq kishi ishlaydigan o'nta paxta fabrikasi bo'lgan,[40] Butterworth Hall Colliery esa 1912 yilda 300 ga yaqin erkakni ish bilan ta'minlagan Rochdale mintaqasidagi eng yirik kolliery bo'lgan.[74] Ushbu ishchilar Milnrowning banklar, qassoblar bilan o'ralgan markaziy magistral yo'li Dale ko'chasidan o'tgan 1912 yildan boshlab qurib bitkazilgan tramvay yo'lini bosib o'tishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi. qandolatchilar, kimyogarlar va pardalar.[40] Birinchi taklif qilinganidan o'n yil o'tib, 1913 yilda St Annning yangi Anglikalik cherkov cherkovi muqaddas qilingan Belfild Rochdeyl-Milnrow chegarasi bo'ylab aholining ko'payishiga xizmat qilish va Milnrowning Anglikan cherkovidagi bosimni yumshatish uchun Firgrove bilan chegarada.[35] Kasallik chechak 1914 yilda sodir bo'lgan; tomonidan olib borilgan tergov Qirollik tibbiyot jamiyati infektsiyani import qilingan paxta to'plamlari bilan bog'lash Braziliya, Meksika, Peru yoki Qo'shma Shtatlar noaniq edi.[75] Milnrow hududidagi "qayd etilgan eng xavfli yong'in" natijasida Nyufeyning "hayratomuz" yo'q qilinishi yuz berdi. Ellenroad tegirmoni 1916 yilda 150 ming funt sterling (2020 yilda 10 million 245 ming funt),[76] ammo hayotni yo'qotish bilan.[77] Tanklar haftasi, mablag'ni moliyalashtirishga yordam beradigan milliy sayyohlik kampaniyasi Birinchi jahon urushidagi Britaniyaning og'ir tanklari, Milnrowga keldi, natijada 180.578 funt sterling (2020 yilda 8.861.000 funt)[76] tuman aholisidan.[78] Urush tugashi bilan Milliy jamg'arma harakati Milnrow aholisini xayr-ehsonlari uchun maqtadi va 1919 yil may oyida okrugga 23 tonna ayolni sovg'a qildi Mark IV tank Milnrowda doimiy ravishda ommaviy namoyish qilish uchun.[78] Butterworth Hall Colliery 1928 yilda yopilgan,[66] va yomon texnik xizmat Milnrowning tramvay yo'lini 1932 yilda yopib qo'yishga olib keldi.[40] 1934 yilda Milnrow Kengashi birinchi jahon urushidagi tanki "ko'zlar" va "bolalar uchun potentsial xavf manbai" ga aylanganiga va natijada uni axlat uchun sotib olib tashlaganiga rozi bo'ldi.[79][78] Xuddi shu yili Milnrow Kengashi Firgroveda jamoat sifatida foydalanish uchun sovg'a qilingan erlarni sovg'a qildi sport maydonchasi.[80] Ijtimoiy uy-joy 30-yillarda Milnrowda ham, Nyuxeyda ham bog'lari bo'lgan yarim yakka mulklar qurilgan,[64] Newhey-da yo'llar yotqizilgan bo'lsa Nemis harbiy asirlari davomida Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[65] 1930-1950 yillarda 500 dan ortiq munitsipal uylar qurilgan, ular Kris Devis deputati tasvirlangan Parlament "Britaniyada qurilgan eng yaxshi kengash uylarining namunaviy namunalari" sifatida "yaxshi, qattiq, o'rtada joylashgan uylar [...]".[81] Ilgari taniqli Heap ishlab chiqaruvchi oilasi tomonidan ishg'ol qilingan Newhey-dagi Cliffe House buzib tashlandi va 1952 yilda uning maydoni Milnrow Memorial Park ko'ngilochar va jamoat mulki sifatida ochildi.[69][82][83] Keyingi Katta depressiya, mintaqaning to'qimachilik sektori 20-asrning o'rtalarida oxir-oqibat tugashiga qadar pasayishni boshdan kechirdi. Milnrowning so'nggi paxta zavodi 1990-yillarning oxirida buzib tashlangan Butterworth Hall Mill edi.[84] 20-asrning ikkinchi yarmida Milnrow aholining ko'payishi va shahar atrofini qurishni boshlagan. M62 avtomagistrali maydoni orqali, Buyuk Manchester qilish va G'arbiy Yorkshir o'zgaruvchan.[44][85] Pennine-disk uy-joy massivi 1980-yillarning o'rtalarida qurilgan.[53] Eskirgan Rochdale kanalini qayta tiklash bo'yicha tiklash loyihasi 2001 yil oktyabr oyida Milnrowning Rochdeyl bilan chegarasida joylashgan Firgrove ko'prigiga olib keldi;[86][87] a Bellway - 2005 yildan 2007 yilgacha kanal yonida qurilgan uy-joy massivi qurilgan.[88] Milnrow tramvay bekati Buyuk Manchesterning engil temir yo'l qismi sifatida ochilgan Metrolink 2013 yil 28 fevralda tarmoq.[89] Milnrow orqali o'tadigan yo'l yomon ob-havo sharoitlarini yumshatish uchun puxta rejalashtirilgan bo'lsa-da,[90] M62 ning mahalliy qismini "Sharqdan kelgan hayvon "2018 yil mart oyida sovuq ob-havo to'lqini.[91][92] Qolgan avtoulovchilar uylarga taklif qilinib, Milnrow va Nyuheydagi "mehribon" ko'ngillilar tomonidan oziq-ovqat va boshpana berishdi. Britaniya armiyasi avtomagistralni tozaladi.[91][92]

Boshqaruv

Garchi Qurol kolleji, bantli jun Milnrowning timsolidir, chunki uning sobiq kengashi raisi uni nishon sifatida ishlatgan. Emblem Milnrowning jun savdo merosiga ishora qiladi.[93]

Ichida yotish tumanning tarixiy chegaralari ning Lankashir 12-asrning boshlaridan boshlab Milnrow bir qism bo'lgan Buttervort, qadimiy qishloq shaharcha ichida Rochdale cherkovi va yuz Salford.[4] Ostida feodalizm, Butteruortni bir qancha hukmron oilalar, shu jumladan Bayronlar boshqargan, keyinchalik ularga unvon beriladi. Baron Bayron, yoki Manor egasi Rochdale.[38] The Knights Hospitaller Butteruortda vakolatlarga ega edi - King tomonidan berilgan grant orqali Angliyalik Genri III 13-asrda ular gumon qilingan o'g'rilar ustidan sud jarayonlarini o'tkazishga, sud amaliyotini o'tkazishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi Non va Ale-ni o'ldirish va jamoat oldida ijro eting osib qo'yish.[40] Davomida So'nggi o'rta asrlar, mahalliy erkaklar kabi harakat qilishdi sudyalar va konstables Buttervortda qonun va tartibni ta'minlash maqsadida.[94] 1825 yilga kelib, Buttervortda Butterworth Hall, Haugh, Lady House, Little Clegg, Newhey, Ogden, Moorhouse, Schofield Hall va Milnrowning o'zi ham bor edi, ular boshqalardan Butterworthning yagona shahri sifatida ajralib turardi. cherkovlik.[95] 19-asrda Buttervort a fuqarolik cherkovi, uning tarqalishiga qadar 1894 yilda.[4]

Milnrowniki ratepayers yaratish taklifini rad etdi mahalliy sog'liqni saqlash kengashi - gigiena va sanitariya me'yorlari uchun mas'ul bo'lgan soliq tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan nazorat qiluvchi organ - 1869 yil 14-iyunda,[96] ammo 1869 yil 17-dekabrda bo'lib o'tgan ovoz berish ovozi 546 ga, 466 ga qarshi bo'ldi.[97] Milnrow mahalliy sog'liqni saqlash kengashi, uning vakolatiga ega palatalar Belfild, Xo va Milnrow,[41] ga muvofiq 1870 yil 2 fevralda markaziy hukumat tomonidan tasdiqlangan Mahalliy hokimiyat to'g'risidagi qonun 1858.[4][98] Uning 18 a'zosi birinchi marta 1870 yil 18-avgustda yig'ilgan,[40][99] va Milnrowga o'zining birinchi demokratik o'zini o'zi boshqarish chorasini berdi.[40] Mahalliy Heap ishlab chiqarish oilasidan Jeyms Xap birinchi rais edi,[99] va uyumlarning mahalliy siyosatga ta'siri Milnrowning obro'sini a kompaniya shaharchasi.[68] 1872 yilda Milnrow Sog'liqni saqlash mahalliy kengashi Rochdale korporatsiyasi tomonidan kurashga qaratilgan takliflariga norozilik bildirdi suvning ifloslanishi ichida Roch daryosi va Beal daryosi, Bealdan sanoat va tozalanmagan odam chiqindilari uchun foydalanishni taqiqlash "ishlab chiqaruvchilarga va natijada ishchilar sinflariga achinarli zarba bo'ladi" deb da'vo qilmoqda.[100] 1879 yilda Firgrove qismi Kastlton shaharcha va Buttervort shaharchasining boshqa qismlari mahalliy kengash yurisdiktsiyasiga kiritilgan.[4][95] Ostida 1894 yilgi mahalliy hokimiyat to'g'risidagi qonun, mahalliy kengashning maydoni keng bo'lib qoldi Milnrow shahar okrugi, Rochdale bilan kelishilgan holda, saylangan maslahatchilar bilan mahalliy hukumat birligi Kambag'al qonun ittifoqi va bilan quvvat almashish Lankashir okrugi kengashi ning tarkibiy okrugi sifatida ma'muriy okrug Lankashir.[4] Milnrow shahar okrugi kattaroq hudud bilan chegaradosh Rochdale okrugi okrugi g'arbda, masalan, kichikroq qo'shni hokimiyatlarni o'zlashtirgan siyosiy mustaqil hokimiyat Kastlton shahar okrugi 1900 yilda va Norden shahar okrugi 1933 yilda - natijada Milnrow aholisi "tuman va [...] qo'shilishidan biroz qo'rqishadi".[40] Ostida Mahalliy hokimiyat to'g'risidagi qonun 1972 yil, Milnrow shahar okrugi tugatildi va Milnrow, 1974 yil 1 apreldan boshlab obod qilinmagan maydon ning Rochdeylning Metropolitan Borough ichida poytaxt okrugi ning Buyuk Manchester.[4] Yangi mahalliy ma'muriyatni kutib, Milnrow shahar okrugi Kengashi murojaat qildi voris cherkovi 1974 yildan keyin ushbu hududga beriladigan maqom, ammo ariza muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi.[101]

1983 yildan 1997 yilgacha Milnrow Jamiyat palatasi qismi sifatida parlament saylov okrugi ning Littleborough va Saddleworth. 1997 yildan 2010 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda Oldxem Sharq va Saddleuort.[102] 2010 yilda Milnrou uning tarkibiga kirdi Rochdale saylov okrugi, 2017 yildan boshlab, u tomonidan namoyish etiladi Toni Lloyd Deputat, a'zosi Mehnat partiyasi. 2010 yilda, The Guardian Milnrou "an'anaviy yurak" ning bir qismi sifatida qayd etdi, u erda "ishchiga sodiqlik qudrati Pennayn shaharlarida Rochdale va Oldham o'rtasida joylashgan".[103] 2002 yil esa Britaniya siyosati almanaxi Milnrowning rezidentlari "saylashga tayyorligini tasdiqlaydi Liberal-demokrat maslahatchilar ".[104] Konservativ klublar, Liberal klublar va ishlaydigan erkaklar klublari 19 va 20 asrlarda Milnrow va Firgroveda tashkil etilgan.[40]

Geografiya

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Buyuk Manchester geografiyasi
Nyufey va Milnrou tomon ko'rinish Kichik ko'prik yilda Rochdeyl. Milnrow o'rtasida o'tish davri zonasini hosil qiladi Buyuk Manchester qurilgan hudud va qishloq Janubiy Penninlar.

Da 53 ° 36′36 ″ N. 2 ° 6′40 ″ Vt / 53.61000 ° N 2.11111 ° Vt / 53.61000; -2.11111 (53.6101 °, -2.1111 °) va 168 milya (270 km) shimoliy-g'arbiy qismida Londonning markaziy qismida, Milnrow markazi dengiz sathidan taxminan 150 metr balandlikda,[105] ning g'arbiy yon bag'irlarida Janubiy Penninlar, Shimoliy-shimoli-sharqdan 10,4 milya (16,7 km) Manchester shahar markazi. Blackstone Edge va Saddleuort sharqda; Rochdeyl va Shou va Kromton navbati bilan g'arb va janubda joylashgan. Birinchisi qamrab olgan maydon sifatida qaraladi Milnrow shahar okrugi, Milnrow 8,1 kvadrat mil (21 km) dan oshadi2) dan cho'zilgan Rochdale kanali g'arbda orqali Shamolli tepalik vodiysini olib, sharqda Daryo Beal.[44][106] Beal, ning irmog'i Roch daryosi, markazdan Milnrow orqali janubdan o'tadi Newhey.[106] Kichikroq Buttervort Xoll Bruk, Bealga oqib tushadigan, sharqdan g'arbga,[107] esa Steynni Bruk da ko'tariladi Kromton balandligi va Milnrowning janubiy qirg'og'i bo'ylab va Rochdeyldagi Nyuboldda Rochga boradi.[40]

2001 yil Merriam-Vebsterning geografik lug'ati Milnrowni ham shahar, ham janubi-sharqiy Rochdale chekkasi deb eslaydi.[3] The Milliy statistika boshqarmasi ning bir qismi sifatida Milnrowni belgilaydi Buyuk Manchester qurilgan hudud, Buyuk Britaniyaning ikkinchi eng katta konvursiyasi.[108] Milnrow "o'tish davri zonasida" joylashgan Moorland Janubiy Penninlar va aholi zichroq bo'lgan Rochdeyl va Manchester mintaqalari.[107] Rivojlanishning aksariyati Milnrow va Newhey-dagi Beal daryosi bo'yidan ikkita markazdan tashqariga qarab qurilgan, ammo erning balandligi Pennines tomon ko'tarilganligi sababli, savdo va sanoat, uy-joy va shahar atrofini rivojlantirish, yopiq fermer xo'jaliklari va yaylovlarga qadar. va nihoyat eng yuqori nuqtalarda yopiq dengiz qirg'og'i.[44][72][109] Qadimgi o'rmonzor siyrak; Milnrow bo'ylab 1911 yilda 1 akr (0,0016 kv. Mil) o'rmon va plantatsiya qayd etilgan.[50] Uy-joy 18-asr uylari va 19-asr oxiri qishloq xo'jalik uylarini o'z ichiga oladi terasli uylar, urushlararo ijtimoiy uy-joy va zamonaviy yakka tartibdagi va yakka tartibdagi xususiy oilaviy uylar.[64] Qishloq xo'jaligi erlari odatda to'lqinli joylardan iborat yaylovlar chorva mollarini boqish va qo'pol boqish uchun ishlatiladi,[107][109] ajratilgan dehqon uylari va Kitkliff, Ogden va Tunshill qishloqlari bilan kesishgan.[64] Moorland Milnrowning eng baland va sharqiy qismini tashkil etadi - eng baland joy - 3910 metr balandlikda joylashgan Bleakedgate Moor,[44] bilan chegarani tashkil etadi Oldxemning Metropolitan Borough tomonidan Denshu. Shamolli tepalik ushbu mavridlar orasida yana bir yuqori ko'rsatkich.[44]

Milnrowning tuprog'i, odatda, shag'al va loydan iborat bo'lib, qo'pol shag'allar bilan qoplangan,[110] va asosiy geologiya asosan pastroq ko'mir choralari dan Karbonli guruhi bilan punktuatsiya qilingan davr qumtosh.[111] Milnrou tajribalari a mo''tadil dengiz iqlimi, ko'plari kabi Britaniya orollari, nisbatan salqin yoz va yumshoq qishlar bilan. Yil davomida muntazam, ammo umuman engil yog'ingarchilik bor.

1855 yilda shoir Edvin Vo Milnrow haqida shunday dedi:

Milnrow uzun bo'yli daraxtga o'xshamay yerda yotadi, vodiyda, daryo bo'yida. Ko'prikda uning ildizlari quyqalar va tolali kurtaklar bo'ylab, har tomonga tarqaladi; deyarli novdasiz magistral yugurib, bir oz egilib, yarim mildan ko'proq Oldxem tomonga burilib, u erda yana xayolparastlik bilan yoyilib ketdi.[7]

— Edvin Vo, Lankashir hayoti va joylari eskizlari (1855)

Milnrowning shahar qismi asosan Butterworth Hall, Firgrove, Gallows va Moorhouse kabi eski qishloqlarni o'z ichiga olgan rivojlanishdan iborat. Hozirda ular Milnrowning mahallalarini tashkil qiladilar, ammo boshqalari aniq turar-joylarni tashkil qiladi. Masalan; misol uchun, Newhey, Milnrowning janubida, do'kon kabi o'ziga xos qulayliklarga ega bo'lgan, o'ziga xos qishloq sifatida paydo bo'ldi, cherkov cherkovi va Metrolink stantsiyasi.[40][13] Milnrow markazidan sharqda joylashgan Kitsliff, Ogden va Tunshill yuqori, o'rta va pastki qismlarni egallagan qishloqlardir. Piethorne Valley navbati bilan.[109][64] Daraxtlar darasi darvozabonlar tomonidan bildirilgan jamoat uyi - bu hozirgi mahallani tashkil etgan sobiq qishloq. Ushbu hudud qadimiy qatl maydonini egallaydi,[25][15][112] tomonidan tashkil etilgan Knights Hospitaller 1253 yilda.[33] Hammasi Rochdale tumani tarkibida Milnrow kompozitsion maydonini shakllantirishda davom etmoqda.[25]

Demografiya

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Buyuk Manchesterning demografiyasi
Sent-Jeymsning cherkov cherkovi. Xristianlar 1496 yildan beri Milnrowdagi cherkov yoki cherkovda ibodat qilishgan.

1855 yilda Roxdeylda tug'ilgan shoir Edvin Vo Milnrow aholisini "chidamli murr poygasi, yarmi dehqonlar, yarmi jun to'quvchilar" deb ta'riflagan.[40] Milnrow "janubiy Lankashir shevasining markazi" deb ta'riflangan,[6] shahar aholisi aksenti turli xil "kuchli", "umumiy", "keng" yoki "shimoliy" deb ta'riflangan; Milnrowning mahalliy talaffuzi "Milnra" dir.[113] Eng keng tarqalgan familiyalardan biri Buttervort, Milnrow hududida tug'ilgan.[40] 2016 yilda, uchun o'rganish umr ko'rish davomiyligi Buyuk Manchesterda Milnrou uzoq umr ko'rishning eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlaridan biriga ega ekanligini ko'rsatdi Uaytfild - o'rtacha ayol 82 yil, o'rtacha erkak esa 75 yil.[114] Robert Brearli erta edi yuz yillik 1787 va 1889 yillar orasida 103 yoshini nishonlagan Milnrowdan.[115]

Ga ko'ra Milliy statistika boshqarmasi, vaqtida Birlashgan Qirollikning 2011 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish, Milnrow (shahar yadrosi va sub-hududi) ning jami doimiy aholisi 13061 kishini tashkil etdi.[1] Bu 2001 yilda qayd etilgan quyidagi ko'rsatkichlardan kelib chiqqan: 11,561 uchun saylov uchastkasi Milnrow (turli chegaralarga ega),[116] 12,541 da 2001 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish,[117] va 12,800 dan Merriam-Vebsterning geografik lug'ati.[3]

2001 yildagi ma'lumotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Nyuxey va Pyethorn vodiysini o'z ichiga olgan Milnrow saylov uchastkasida yashovchilarning 40,8% uylangan, 10,3%. birgalikda yashash juftliklar va 9,5% yolg'iz ota-onalar edi. Uy xo'jaliklarining 27 foizi jismoniy shaxslardan iborat bo'lib, 13 foizida pensiya yoshida yolg'iz yashaydigan odam bor edi.[118] 16-74 yoshdagi aholining iqtisodiy faolligi 45% to'liq ish kunida, 12% yarim kunlik ish bilan, 7,7% o'z-o'zini ish bilan band bo'lganlar, 2,6% ishsizlar, 2,1% talabalar ish bilan, 3,1% talabalar ishsizlar, 13% nafaqaga chiqqan, 4,6% uyga yoki oilaga qaramoqda, 7,4% doimiy kasal yoki nogiron va 2,3% boshqa sabablarga ko'ra iqtisodiy jihatdan faol emas. Bu taxminan milliy raqamlarga mos edi.[119] 2019 yilda Milnrow East & Newhey eng yuqori tarqalish ko'rsatkichlaridan biriga ega deb baholandi depressiya Angliyada.[120]

Shahar aholisining tug'ilgan joyi 2001 yilgi ro'yxatga olishda qayd etilgan 97% Birlashgan Qirollik (shu jumladan 95,04% Angliyadan), 0,6% Irlandiya Respublikasi, Boshqalaridan 0,5% Yevropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlar, va dunyoning boshqa joylaridan 2,6%.[121] The millati jamiyat 98% oq, 0,7% deb tasniflangan aralash poyga, 0,8% Osiyo, 0,2% qora va 0,3% xitoy yoki boshqa.[122] 2008 yilda tadqiqotchilar Manchester universiteti Milnrou asosan "Oq hudud" bo'lib, Rochdeyl va ikkala metropolitan tumanlaridagi hududlardan farq qiladi. Oldxem qaerda katta Janubiy Osiyo va Britaniya osiyolik jamoalar qayd etildi.[123]

Yil1901191119211931193919511961197120012011
Aholisi8,2418,5848,3908,6238,2658,5878,12910,34512,54113,061
Manba:Vaqt orqali Buyuk Britaniyaga qarash

2001 yildan boshlab e'lon qilingan din 80% xristian, 0,8% musulmon, 0,1% hindu, 0,1% buddist va 0,1% yahudiy sifatida qayd etilgan. Ba'zi 12,2% dinsiz, 0,2% muqobil dinga ega, 6,1% esa o'z dinlarini bildirmagan deb qayd etilgan.[124] Tarixiy jihatdan, qo'shimcha ravishda tashkil etilgan cherkov, filiallari Konformistik bo'lmagan protestantizm - ayniqsa, 18-asr Uesleyanizm - shakllari edi Xristian ilohiyoti Milnrowda mashq qilgan.[125] 1717 yilda, Frensis Gastrell, keyin Chester episkopi, ta'kidlanganidek, "bir nechta [...] taassurotlar mavjud Presviterianlar "Milnrowda.[50] 1773 yilda, Baptistlar Ogdenda cherkov tashkil etdi;[40] bino 1964 yilda yopilib, jamoat 1972 yilda Nyuheydagi yangi binoga ko'chib o'tdi, ammo Ogden Baptist cherkovi nomini saqlab qoldi.[126] The Huntingdon aloqasi grafinya 1840 yilda Milnrowda maktab va 1861 yilda Sent-Stiven cherkovi binosiga asos solgan, ruhoniylar va ibodat qiluvchilarni jalb qilgan. Metodizm va Kalvinizm; jamoat 1865 yilda Konneksion bilan aloqalarni uzdi va unga qo'shilishni tanladi Jamoat birligi.[35]

Iqtisodiyot

Deyl-strit - Milnrowning asosiy chiziqli reklama roligi magistral yo'l bilan qoplangan maishiy xizmat ko'rsatish do'konlari, go'zallik xizmatlari, oziq-ovqat shoxobchalari va boshqa mustaqil korxonalar.

20-asr oxirlarida deindustrializatsiya qilinishidan oldin Milnrow iqtisodiyoti dastlabki ishlab chiqarish ustaxonalaridan kelib chiqqan, ammo rivojlangan jarayonlar bilan parallel ravishda rivojlanib kelgan yigiruv va to'quvchilik an'analari bilan chambarchas bog'liq edi. sanoat inqilobi davrida to'qimachilik ishlab chiqarish. To'qimachilik ishlab chiqarishiga yordamchi sanoat 19-asrda mavjud edi, masalan ko'mir qazib olish Tunshill,[43] metallga ishlov berish Butterworth zalida,[127] va g'isht ishlab chiqarish Newhey-da.[128] Newhey Brick & Terracotta Works 1899 yilda ochilgan,[128] Butterworth Hall Colliery esa 1912 yilda 300 ga yaqin erkakni ish bilan ta'minlagan Rochdale mintaqasidagi eng yirik kolliery bo'lgan.[74] U 1861 yilda tijorat korxonasi sifatida cho'ktirildi, 1865 yilda to'liq ochildi va tomonidan sotib olindi Platt birodarlar 1881 yilda, 1928 yilda yopilgunga qadar ularning mulkini davom ettirdi.[66] Ushbu sohadagi zamonaviy tarmoqlarga muhandislik, qadoqlash materiallar, bo'yash va tugatish to'qimachilik va gilam mahsulotlari va siyoh ishlab chiqarish.[129] Milnrow tuman markazini va uning asosiy qismi Deyl ko'chasini tashkil qiladi magistral yo'l, bilan chiziqli savdo maydonini tashkil qiladi maishiy xizmat ko'rsatish do'konlari, restoranlar va oziq-ovqat shoxobchalari, shuningdek mustaqil do'kon va xizmatlarning aralashmasi sartaroshlik va yuridik xizmatlar.[130][131][132] An Aldi supermarket 2016 yilda ochilgan Byanka Uolkden,[133] Milnrow Balti esa 2019 yilda g'olib chiqdi Kori hayoti Buyuk Manchesterdagi eng yaxshi restoran uchun mukofot.[134] Nyuxida kichikroq, pastki darajadagi do'konlar mavjud.[65][130] Chorvachilik, o'tlatish va boshqalar dehqonchilik amaliyotlar sodir bo'ladi yaylovlar Milnrowning qishloq chekkasida.[107]

Milnroudagi eng yirik ish beruvchilar - bu 1896 yilda Manchesterdan ko'chib kelganidan beri shaharda joylashgan Precision Technologies Group tarkibiga kiruvchi Xolroyd dastgohlari.[135] 20-asr boshlarida ular a quyish Whitehall ko'chasida va ishlagan muhandislar va shogirdlar.[135] 2006 yilda Xolroyd 160 kishidan iborat ishchi kuchiga ega edi va uning bosh kompaniyasi Renold PLC yana 200 kishini shu erdagi bazada ish bilan ta'minladi.[136][137][138] 2010 yildan beri Xolroyd Chonging asoslangan CQME guruhi.[139] Milroyudagi Xolroydga tashrif buyurishdi Nik Klegg sifatida uning sifatida Buyuk Britaniya Bosh vazirining o'rinbosari 2011 yil aprel oyida.[140] Global sanoat va iste'molchilarni qadoqlash kompaniyasi Sonoko shaharchadagi omborxonani boshqarish.[141] Yarim milliondan ziyod mahalliy noziklik Latt puding Jeksonning Farm Fayre tomonidan Milnrow fabrikasida ommaviy ishlab chiqarilmoqda.[142] Newhey-da, Quyosh kimyoviy printer siyohlari va materiallarini ishlab chiqarish,[143] va Newhey Carpets avvalgi gilamlarni ishlab chiqaradi va ishlab chiqaradi Lankashir va Yorkshir temir yo'li ombor.[40][144] Ogdenda PW Greenhalgh tomonidan to'qimachilik ishlari bo'yaladi va tayyorlanadi.[145]

Kingsway Business Park 420 akr (1,7 km) bo'ladi2) Milnrow va Rochdale o'rtasidagi erlarni egallagan "biznesga yo'naltirilgan, aralash foydalanishni rivojlantirish" 21-kavşağa tutashgan. M62 avtomagistrali; 2020 yilga qadar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri 7250 kishi va bilvosita ravishda 1750 kishi ish bilan ta'minlanishi kutilmoqda.[146] 2011 yilda parkdagi ijarachilar shu jumladan JD Sport va Wincanton plc.[147] Kingsway Business Park tramvay bekat ning 3a bosqichi doirasida qurilgan Metrolink kengaytirish va Kingsway Business Park xizmat qiladi.[148]

Belgilangan joylar

Shuningdek qarang: Milnrowdagi ro'yxatdagi binolar
Sent-Tomas Newhey "tumandagi eng o'ziga xos va ajoyib bino" deb ta'riflangan.[149]
Milnrow War Memorial - bu Ikkinchi jahon urushida qatnashgan va halok bo'lgan kishilar ro'yxatini olgan II darajadagi ro'yxat tuzilmasi.

Milnrowning tarixiy me'morchiligi asosan 18-asr qumtoshi bilan ajralib turadi to'quvchilar uylari,[150] bilan uch qavatli "ingichka toshli uy ustaxonalari" mullioned derazalar.[43][52][151][53] To'quv dastgohlari yoki dastgohlar nomi bilan ham tanilgan, 1982 yilda Milnrow Shimoliy G'arbiy Angliyada omon qolgan to'quvchilar uylarining eng katta kontsentratsiyasiga ega bo'lishi taxmin qilingan.[152] A tabiatni muhofaza qilish zonasi qatorini himoya qilish uchun 1974 yilda Ogden shahrida yaratilgan otxonalar, fermer uylari va avvalgi maktab binosi.[153] 2006 yilda Butteruort Xollda Milnrow markazida mos ravishda maishiy va munitsipal binolarni qamrab oluvchi ikkita tabiat qo'riqxonasi tashkil etildi.[154][155] Avvalgi oilaviy o'rindiqlar va manor uylari - asosan o'rta asr kelib chiqishi - bu hududga Belfild Xoll, Buttervort Xoll, Klegg Xoll va Schofield Hall. Milnrowning Rochdeyl bilan g'arbiy chegarasida joylashgan Belfild Xollda turli xil arboblar, shu jumladan ikkitasi ishg'ol qilgan. Lankashirning yuqori sheriflari — Alexander Butterworth and Richard Townley.[110][156] Clegg Hall, at Milnrow's northern boundary with Littleborough, is an early-17th century qishloq uyi bilan II daraja * ro'yxatdagi bino holat.[35]

The Grade II listed Church of St James, Milnrow's Anglican parish church, was built in 1869 and is dedicated to James the Apostle.[157] Bu qismi Angliya cherkovi and lies within the Anglican Diocese of Manchester.[158] The origins of the church can be traced to a xitob yoki notiqlik san'ati built by the Byrons in the year 1400. When that ruling family moved from Milnrow to another of their homes following the Atirgullar urushi, the local population was left without a place of worship and a chapel was constructed by the River Beal in 1496 to serve this community.[38] This structure existed until the 1790s, when a "poorly designed" chapel was erected and consecrated; however, due to structural weaknesses, that church was demolished in 1814.[38] Following an interim period when a "plain building" was used for worship, the present church building was built and consecrated by Jeyms Freyzer, Manchester yepiskopi, on 21 August 1869.[149] Inside, the poytaxtlar have foliage decoration sculpted by the "foremost Victorian stonemason" Thomas Earp.[159][157][160]

Described as "by far the most distinctive and splendid building in the district",[149] The neo-gotik Newhey, St Thomas parish church was built in 1876 and served a new Anglican parish of Newhey created in the same year.[161] Bag'ishlangan Tomas Havoriy, it is part of the Church of England, and its patron is the Bishop of Manchester.[162] The church was extensively damaged in an arson attack on 21 December 2007,[163] but later restored in full.[40]

Milnrow War Memorial is located in Milnrow Memorial Park at Newhey, and is a Grade II listed structure.[164] The urush yodgorligi was originally sited in central Milnrow, set back from the road near Milnrow Bridge, and was unveiled on 3 August 1924 by Major General Artur Solli-toshqin, a former commander of 42-chi (Sharqiy Lankashir) divizioni. The memorial is constructed of sandstone surmounted by a bronze statue of a Birinchi jahon urushi piyoda askar with rifle and fixed süngü symbolic of the young manhood of the district in the early days of the First World War. In selecting the design the Milnrow War Memorial Committee was influenced by the statue unveiled at Waterhead in Oldham; the work of George Thomas. Thomas sculpted Milnrow's memorial in 1923. The plinth holds bronze and slate panels recording the names of those who died in the two World Wars.[165][166]

In Newhey is the Ellenroad Steam Museum, the retained engine house, boiler house, chimney and bug 'dvigateli ning Ellenroad Mill, a former 1892-built paxta zavodi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Sir Philip Stott, 1st Baronet. Now operated as an industrial heritage centre, the mill itself is no longer standing, but the steam engine (the world's largest working steam mill engine)[167] is maintained and steamed once a month by the Ellenroad Trust.[168] The museum has the only fully working cotton mill engine with its original steam-raising plant in the world.[169] Ellenroad Mill produced fine cotton yarn foydalanish mule spinning.[167] A 1907-built, working tandem compound condensing engine, made by J. & W. McNaught for Firgrove Mill in Milnrow, is displayed in the Ilmiy va sanoat muzeyi in central Manchester.[170][171]

Transport

A long-exposure photograph ning M62 avtomagistrali da Tunshill.
Milnrow tram stop opened on the Metrolink system on 28 February 2013.

Public transport in Milnrow is co-ordinated by Buyuk Manchester uchun transport, and services include bus and engil temir yo'l transport. Mayor A roads link Milnrow with other settlements – the A640 yo'l, which forms a route from Newhey and over the Pennines into "Xaddersfild" va G'arbiy Yorkshir, was established by a turnpike trust 1805 yilda.[56] Another A road is the Elizabethan Way chetlab o'tish, which was opened around 1971 to coincide with the opening of Junction 21 of the trans-Pennine M62 avtomagistrali.[90] Construction of the Milnrow part of the M62 began in April 1967,[172] a process which spread mud and dirt throughout the town,[85] and the relocation of inhabitants due to the demolition of homes.[173] The official opening of the motorway on 13 October 1971 was by Qirolicha Yelizaveta II, who was welcomed by Ralf Assheton, 1-baron Klitero in his role as Lord Lankashir leytenanti, as well as the Chairman of Milnrow Urban District Council and his wife.[85] Once opened, the Queen cast aside protocol for an informal meeting with the people of Milnrow.[85] A Angliya magistral yo'llari motorway compound is located in Milnrow.[90][174]

Milnrow had a first-generation electric passenger tramway in operation between 1909 and 1932. It was part of the broader Rochdale Corporation tramvay yo'llari network, with a single route which started initially from Firgrove in the west, and joining Newhey in the south when the line was completed in 1912.[40][73] The tramway had a reputation for poor maintenance, and suffered from increasingly frequent derailments towards its closure.[40] The modern extant Milnrow tram stop qismi Metrolink light-rail system, on the Oldham and Rochdale Line, with services operating towards Rochdale or Manchester shahar markazi every 12 minutes. It was previously a heavy railway stantsiyani Oldham ko'chadan liniyasi which connected "Manchester", Oldxem va Rochdeyl.[44] The station was constructed in 1862 by navvies drafted by contractors under the Lankashir va Yorkshir temir yo'li. On 12 August 1863 the line was opened to commercial traffic, and 2 November 1863 to passenger trains.[175] Milnrow railway station was originally staffed, and the line through it was dual-track; however this section was reduced to single-track in 1980.[175] Milnrow railway station closed on 3 October 2009 to be converted for use with an expanded Metrolink network.[176][177] The station reopened on 28 February 2013 as Milnrow tram stop; also opening at this time in the Milnrow area was Kingsway Business Park tram stop va Newhey tram stop.[89]

The Rochdale Canal —one of the major navigable broad canals of Great Britain —passes along Milnrow's north-western boundary which divides it from the village of Qo'rqish and districts of Belfield va Kastlton in Rochdale.[178] The Rochdale Canal was historically used as a highway of commerce for the haulage of cotton, wool, and coal to and from the area.

Avtobus xizmatlari 58, 181 and 182 operate to Rochdale, Newhey, Oldham, and Manchester, while services 451 and 462 serve Rochdale and the estates of Milnrow and Newhey, operated by Birinchi Buyuk Manchester, Rosso va Manchester jamoat transporti.[179]

Ta'lim

Shuningdek qarang: List of schools in Rochdale

The Free School of Milnrow was founded in 1726 and was demolished in the early-1950s.[180] From 1739 until his death in 1786 the maktab ustasi edi karikatura ustasi John Collier.[110] In the mid-19th century it was part of the British and Foreign School Society.[181] Newhey Council School was constructed in 1911,[182] and now forms Newhey Community Primary School. By 1918 there were five public elementary schools; the Milnrow and Newhey council schools; St James's of Milnrow and St Thomas' of Newhey Anglican schools; and Ogden church school.[40] Milnrow St James School evolved into the modern primary school, Milnrow Parish Church of England Primary.[183] It is a denominational school with the Angliya cherkovi, linked with Milnrow's Anglikan parish church, St James's. There are further primary schools named Crossgates Primary and Moorhouse Primary, both of which are non-denominational.[184][185] Crossgates Primary School won the Britaniya Kengashi "s International School Award in 2010 for its teaching of culture and global fuqarolik.[186] Hollingworth Academy is a secondary school in Milnrow with Academy school status.[187] It occupies the site of the former Roch Valley County Secondary School, which opened in 1968 and closed in 1990.[188] It is a co-educational school of non-denominational religion.[189]

Sport va madaniyat

Milnrow has a "distinct and separate character".[5] It is one of the towns of shimoliy Angliya that observed the custom of Rushbearing, an annual Anglican religious festival where shoshilib are brought by rushcart to by strewn in the cherkov cherkovi to refresh the flooring. Milnrow's Rushbearing occurred on the Sunday prior to St James's Day,[190] and in 1717, Frensis Gastrell, Chester episkopi, wrote that Milnrow's festival was a particularly "disorderly custom".[190] Parishioners would travel as far as Marsden to gather rushes.[191] Established in 1968,[192] Milnrow and Newhey Carnival is an annual summer community parad bilan floats, morris dancers va brass bands.[192][193] The Milnrow Band is a Britaniyadagi pufakchilar guruhi ranked as a "top class group of amateur musicians".[194] It formed from a succession of mergers and amalgamations of Milnrow- and Rochdale-based brass bands,[195] the earliest of which was St Stephen's Band founded in Milnrow in 1869.[194] In 2006 it was promoted to the top-rank Championship section of Great Britain, and in 2017 were the All England Masters International Champions.[194] In his 2015 memoir, the Manchester-born comedy-singer Mike Harding recalled "a place called Milnrow, on the extreme edge of the then known world, [...where...] everything stopped for pie and peas".[196]

Milnrow Cricket Club is based at Ladyhouse in Milnrow, and has played in the Central Lancashire Cricket League since its foundation in 1892. The club formed in 1857 from a group of local businessmen who felt the district deserved its own distinct team. Originally, members of the club were recruited and teams were selected to play other clubs in the surrounding townships.[197] Later players have included Cec Abrahams, who joined the club in 1961, having previously played for the Kriket bo'yicha Janubiy Afrika terma jamoasi.[198] Used for casual, amateur and organised leagues and tournaments, The Soccer Village in Milnrow consists of four indoor pitches in an arena with grandstand spectator seating for 300.[199] There has been a golf maydonchasi da Tunshill since 1901.[71] Bu bilan bog'liq English Golf Union. Land in Firgrove was gifted to Milnrow Council in November 1934 for use as a sports pitch, establishing the Firgrove Playing Fields.[80] They are used for regbi ligasi, rounders and association football,[200] and are the home of Rochdale Cobras ARLFC,[201] a club which won the British Amateur Rugby League Association "Club of the Year" award in 2011.[201] New Milnrow and Newhey Rugby League Club is a further local rugby league club.[202]

Public utilities

Ogden Reservoir is one of six Victorian-era reservoirs in Milnrow's Piethorne Valley
The M62 avtomagistrali va transmitter station on Milnrow's Shamolli tepalik. Davomida Sovuq urush, the transmitter station was networked to maintain communications across Britain in the event of nuclear warfare.

Milnrow was identified as a suitable source of ichimlik suvi on an industrial scale in the Viktoriya davri, qachon Oldham Corporation obtained rights to dam the Piethorne Brook.[203] Excavations began in 1858, and concluded in 1863 with the opening of the Piethorne Reservoir.[203] By 1869, the Oldham Corporation acknowledged there was "an absolute necessity for an extra water supply",[203] and further reservoirs were created using English compulsory purchase powers granted to the Corporation by virtue of the Oldham Improvement Act 1880.[70] In 1918, the Oldham Corporation was still one of the largest landowners in Milnrow.[40] Birlashgan kommunal xizmatlar now operate the reservoir.[204]

1950 yilda Bosh pochta aloqasi was contracted to construct a new-generation British Telecom mikroto'lqinli tarmog'i, transmitting BBC televideniesi across Great Britain. By 1951, a transmitter station had been built on Milnrow's outlying Shamolli tepalik, carrying signals broadcast from Manchester to Tinshill keyin esa Kirk o'Shotts transmitting station.[205] Initially overlooked for a site in Saddleuort,[206] in the late-1950s, Windy Hill transmitter station became part of Britain's "backbone network ", a series of telecommunications towers in the United Kingdom designed to maintain communications in the event of a Sovuq urush -era nuclear attack.[207] The station forms a landmark on the landscape, adjacent to the Pennine Way long-distance footpath and M62 avtomagistrali.[208]

Chiqindilarni boshqarish is co-ordinated by the local authority via the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority.[209] Milnrow's Tarqatish tarmog'i operatori for electricity is Birlashgan kommunal xizmatlar;[204] yo'q elektr stantsiyalari in the area, but a Shamol fermasi exists on Scout Moor which consists of 26 turbines on the high moors between Rawtenstall and Rochdale, generating 65MW of electricity.[210]

Uy idorasi policing in Milnrow is provided by the Buyuk Manchester politsiyasi. The force's "(P) Division" have their headquarters for policing the Rochdeylning Metropolitan Borough in Rochdale and the nearest police station is at Littleborough shimolga.[211] Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Buyuk Manchester yong'in va qutqaruv xizmati, which has one station in Rochdale on Halifax Road.[212]

There are no hospitals in Milnrow—the nearest are in Oldham and Rochdale; The Royal Oldham Hospital va Rochdale Infirmary are managed by the Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, a part of the Northern Care Alliance NHS Group. The Shimoliy G'arbiy tez tibbiy yordam xizmati provides emergency patient transport. Birlamchi tibbiy yordam va general practice occurs at Stonefield Street Surgery.[213] The Milnrow Village Practice was surveyed as the 2nd best general practice in Greater Manchester for patient experience in both 2018 and 2019.[214][215]

Taniqli odamlar

Shuningdek qarang: List of people from Rochdale
A ko'k blyashka commemorating the 18th-century karikatura ustasi and satirical poet John Collier.

John Collier (who wrote under the taxallus of Tim Bobbin) was an acclaimed 18th-century karikatura ustasi va satirik poet who was raised and spent all his adult life in Milnrow.[216] Tug'ilgan Urmston in 1708, Collier was maktab ustasi for Milnrow.[216] Ilhomlangan Uilyam Xogart, Collier was admired by Sir Valter Skott,[40] and called a "man of original genius" by Edvard Beyns.[31] His work savagely lampooned the behaviour of yuqori va quyi sinflar alike, and was written in a strong Lancashire dialect.[216][217] Many of his works and personal possessions are preserved in Milnrow Library,[218] and he is commemorated in the name of a "prominent pub" in central Milnrow.[44][216] Collier's great-grandson—also called John and a native of Milnrow—was one of the founding members of the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers.[5]

Francis Robert Raines (1805–1878) was the Anglican vikar of Milnrow, and an antiquary who contributed to the Chetham Society nashrlar.[219] He was ordained in 1828 and, after short appointments at Saddleuort and Rochdale, he was vicar at Milnrow for the rest of his life.[219] Jon Milne was a professor, geologist and mining engineer who invented a pioneering seismograph (known as the Milne-Shaw seismograph) to detect and measure earthquakes. Garchi yilda tug'ilgan bo'lsa ham "Liverpul" in 1850 owing to a brief visit there by his parents, Milne was raised in Rochdale and at Tunshill in Milnrow.[220][221]

Other notable people of Milnrow include Cec Abrahams, a Janubiy Afrika -born international kriketchi, who settled in the town during the 1960s and played for the local cricket club,[198] Chris Dunphy, the Milnrow-born chairman of Rochdale A.F.C.,[222] va Lizzy Bardsley, who, in 2003, gained fame from appearing on 4-kanal "s Xotini almashtirish.[223][224] Stuart Bithell, who won a Silver Medal in the Men's 470 class at the 2012 Summer Olympics, was raised in Newhey,[225] va Martin Stapleton, a aralash jang san'ati ustasi who was the 2015 BAMMA World Lightweight Champion resided in Milnrow as of 2019.[226][227]

Izoh

  1. ^ Hollingworth was anciently part of the Buttervort shaharcha. It was to the north of Milnrow; but absorbed into the Littleborough Urban District in the late-19th century.[iqtibos kerak ]

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

  1. ^ a b "Town population 2011". Olingan 7 yanvar 2016.
  2. ^ a b v "Milnrow". Brewer's Britain and Ireland. credoreference.com. 2005 yil. Olingan 11 aprel 2010. A former cotton town in Greater Manchester(obuna kerak)
  3. ^ a b v d "Miln•row". Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. credoreference.com. 2007 yil. Olingan 11 aprel 2010. Town, Greater Manchester, NW England, SE suburb of Rochdale; pop. (2001e) 12,800.(obuna kerak)
  4. ^ a b v d e f g h "Buyuk Manchester Gazetasi". Buyuk Manchester okrugining yozuvlar idorasi. Places names – M to N. Archived from asl nusxasi 2011 yil 18-iyulda. Olingan 20 iyun 2007.
  5. ^ a b v d e Rochdale Pioneers Museum. "Milnrow, Newhey and Ogden Co-operative Heritage Trail" (PDF). rochdalepioneersmuseum.coop. Olingan 13 aprel 2018.
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Bibliografiya

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